THE SOLAR CYCLE
THE SOLAR CYCLE
The Sun It is an active and magnetic star. Since 1849, the number of Sunspots, and there are records of spots since 1610, when Galileo observed them for the first time with a telescope. This has shown that the number of spots observed increases from virtually none to more than one hundred, decreases again, and so on, with a period of about eleven years, which is called: Solar Activity Cycle.
During each cycle, the groups of bipolar spots of the solar northern hemisphere show a magnetic orientation opposite to that of the groups of the southern hemisphere, and this one is inverted in the following undecenal period, being the authentic Twenty-two year Solar Magnetic Cycle.
Solar Cycle
At the beginning of a cycle the spots appear between 30 ° and 40 ° latitude and, as the cycle progresses, they emerge closer to the solar equator. In 1902, W. Maunder published a representation of the latitude distribution of the place of birth of sunspots during the period 1877-1902. He received the name "Maunder Butterfly Diagram"
"Butterfly Diagram"Maunder, which shows the latitude at which sunspots appear throughout the Solar Cycle.
It is appreciated that the spots usually appear in extreme latitudes at the beginning of the cycles,
and then they are approaching the equator as the solar cycle progresses.
Original diagram of Note on the Distribution of Sun-spots in Hellographic Latitude,
by Walter Maunder.
Also the location, frequency and intensity of other magnetic phenomena vary throughout the solar cycle. Although many details are known about the activity cycle, it must be said that its nature and causes are still one of the great questions of solar physics, and there is no model that can reliably predict the number of spots in the future. .
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