When monsters are born

When monsters are born https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGDgyAfTNJtTJVBYPHGf1u5onF0vkLQc5NsV1_jwQDuoVO14jIfGXTGZGTmTC6Ltolqd_tq8_-gf5GbULeGi2q9ZMz9PAVJnIYqP6egh6903TBuRl_tLyPkLDw4EnOQT0tu20z3tKSv80/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/eso1545a.jpg

When monsters are born











When were the first massive galaxies born? It is a question that astronomers have asked themselves for some time. The fact of observing the oldest massive galaxies could be simple because they are very bright objects compared to other objects in the distant universe, but it is very complicated since they are in small numbers. In fact, it is easier to find small distant galaxies and much easier, precisely because they are much more numerous.







Image 1: Field of vision of the ultraVISTA survey. In red appear the newly discovered massive galaxies. Credits: ESO / UltraVISTA team.





More than 500







The team of researchers led by Caputi has brought to light a large number of distant galaxies that had escaped previous surveys. "We discovered 574 new massive galaxies, the largest sample of this type of hidden galaxy from the early universe ever assembled," explains Caputi.







Astronomers discovered that the massive galaxies of that time were more abundant than previously thought. The new galaxies discovered account for half of the total number of massive galaxies present when the universe was between 1,000 and 1,500 million years old, a fact that contradicts the current models of evolution of galaxies in the early universe, which do not predict the existence of this type of galaxy. monstrous galaxies in those early times.








Image 2: Some of the newly discovered galaxies, in the foreground marked with two perpendicular lines. Credits: ESO / UltraVISTA team.







"We did not find evidence of the presence of these massive galaxies before about 1 billion years after the Big Bang, so we are confident that the first massive galaxies had to be formed at that time," concludes Henry Joy McCracken, co-author of the article.





Changing the rules of the game









This research was published in the journal Astrophysical Journal under the title "Spitzer bright, ultraVISTA faint sources in cosmos: The contribution to the overall population massive galaxies at z = 3-7" (K.I. Caputi et al, 2015, ApJ 810: 73)





The team that has carried out the research is composed of Karina I. Caputi (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, The Netherlands), Olivier Ilbert (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, France), Clotilde Laigle ( Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France), Henry J. McCracken (Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, France), Olivier Le Fèvre (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, France), Johan Fynbo (Dark Cosmology Center , Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark), Bo Milvang-Jensen (Dark Cosmology Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Denmark), Peter Capak (NASA / JPL Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, United States), Mara Salvato (Max-Planck Institute for Extragalactic Physics, Germany) and Yoshiaki Taniguchi (Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, Japan).





Scientific article:







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Thanks:



- TERAPIX / CNRS / INSU / CASU







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