They identify a new cellular circuit that increases tumor growth in colon cancer

They identify a new cellular circuit that increases tumor growth in colon cancer https://i2.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Identifican-un-nuevo-circuito-celular-que-aumenta-el-crecimiento-tumoral-en-cáncer-de-colon.jpg?fit=260%2C146&ssl=1

They identify a new cellular circuit that increases tumor growth in colon cancer





They identify a new cellular circuit that increases tumor growth in colon cancer





The study of the tumor microenvironment, formed by diseased and healthy cells, is fundamental to be able to know the biology of the tumors and the causes that determine their evolution. In this context, a multitude of interactions that contribute to the spread of cancer take place, which could be key to determining the causes of the disease and finding new therapeutic targets. Knowing these circuits, which can be a breeding ground for the rapid expansion of this disease, is the basis of a study carried out by researchers from CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC) of the Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (Spain). In it, they have managed to identify a new circuit of the tumor microenvironment in which a protein secreted by tumor cells in colon cancer causes alterations that lead to an increase in their growth.



This work, published in the journal Oncogene, has been carried out by Sandra Muñoz-Galván as principal investigator and led by Amancio Carnero, group leader of the CIBERONC and researcher of the CSIC, and it is of great importance to be able to know the biology of the tumors and what determines their evolution. In this way, they have discovered that the phospholipase D2 protein (PLD2), which is expressed at abnormally high levels in colon cancer patients, is secreted by the tumor cells and alters the non-tumor cells of the microenvironment causing them to senesce.







Left: senescent cells. Right: cell nucleus showing focus of DNA damage (above) and its control (below). (Images: CIBER)



According to Amancio Carnero, "senescence consists of a stoppage of the cell division of the cells that suffer it, despite which they are able to secrete a series of factors that increase the tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. This causes a circuit to be established between tumor cells and those that are not, which leads to an increase in the number of tumor stem cells, which have a greater proliferative capacity than normal tumor cells and are capable of increasing resistance to therapies. antitumor. "



This research, which combines studies with tumor cell lines, patient databases and animal models, opens a path for the use of the PLD2 protein as a therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer and, potentially, of other types of tumors. . According to the researchers of the CIBERONC, the cancer cells are in continuous communication with the microenvironment and can affect the evolution of the tumor. "We have observed that the expression of PLD2 increases in colorectal cancer, which induces senescence in neighboring fibroblasts and leads to faster growth of the tumor," says Amancio Carnero. (Source: CIBER / DICYT)



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