They discover critical moment prior to the death of the stars
They discover critical moment prior to the death of the stars
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Artistic illustration of a red supergiant star surrounded by a veil of circumstellar material before its explosion. Credit: NAOJ.
A new study, conducted by a group of researchers from the Center for Mathematical Modeling (CMM) and the Department of Astronomy of the University of Chile, the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS) and international institutions, changes what is known about supernova explosions and the last stages of stellar evolution. In particular, the group discovered that supernovae generated from red supergiants, stars of great size in advanced stages of their lives, present a flash before the main explosion not predicted by current models.
This brightness is explained by the collision between the expanding gas of the supernova and a material of unknown origin that surrounds the star, explains Francisco Förster, a researcher at the CMM and MAS leader of the research: "The presence of this material makes it possible to extract part of the of the enormous energy produced during the explosion and turn it into light that we can detect. "
The discovery was possible because the explosions were observed in real time in its initial stages with the DECAM camera of 520 million pixels, the largest in the southern hemisphere, located in the Cerro Tololo observatory Blanco telescope. To do this, data analysis techniques developed in Chile unpublished for Astronomy, machine learning, astrophysical models created in Japan and high performance computing were used.
"This work is part of the work that the CMM performs around acquiring and structuring complex databases, formulating methodologies to make sense of these bases and interpreting the results," says Alejandro Maass, director of the Center for Mathematical Modeling. "It's a leap in the challenges that the 'data science'Brings to society, academia and industry.'
For Takashi Moriya, astronomer at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, "these findings give us clues about the mysterious behavior of massive stars about to explode. When the star is depleting its fuel, some mechanism inside it would cause the loss of material in its outer regions just before the explosion, but we have no clear idea of the mechanism that would cause the above. "
For Förster, the discovery will open new research steps thanks to the large telescopes that are being built in northern Chile, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), which will sweep the entire sky every three nights: "This will allow larger samples of these supernovas, with which we will understand this phenomenon better ".
Article "The delay of shock breakout due to circumstellar material evident in most Type II Supernovae"Was published on September 3, 2018 by Nature Astronomy.
Source: Millennium Institute of Astrophysics
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