They advance in the knowledge of neuronal modifications in severe cases of alcoholism

They advance in the knowledge of neuronal modifications in severe cases of alcoholism https://i1.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Avanzan-en-el-conocimiento-de-las-modificaciones-neuronales-en-casos-severos-de-alcoholismo.jpg?fit=195%2C146&ssl=1

They advance in the knowledge of neuronal modifications in severe cases of alcoholism





They advance in the knowledge of neuronal modifications in severe cases of alcoholism


A research team from the University of Malaga (Spain) has participated in a study of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm in which they have detailed the neuronal modifications that occur in cases of severe addiction in rats. The results obtained suggest the possibility of an effective treatment against alcoholism.



The research group focuses on the study of the levels of interaction between the different receptors of the cell membrane of important neuronal circuits in rats that undergo a voluntary and continuous consumption of alcohol, as well as changes in cellular responses and in the brain tissue associated with these molecular receptors.



In the article 'Effects of Long-Term Alcohol Drinking on the Dopamine D2 Receptor: Gene Expression and Heteroreceptor Complexes in the Striatum in Rats' published in the journal Alcoholism. Clinical and experimental Research, researchers focus primarily on the analysis of the effects produced by alcoholism in different complexes of interaction between neuronal membrane receptors, especially dopamine receptors.



The study represents a significant advance in these neurological processes. "Although it was already known that changes in the levels of expression of dopamine receptors were associated with alcohol abuse, this work has managed to detail at a molecular level the specific changes that are being developed," he tells the Foundation. University of Málaga Manuel Alejandro Narváez, one of the authors of the article.







Dasiel Borroto, author of the article. (Photo: Discover Foundation)



Dopamine receptors are activated by certain substances and cause, in the case of alcohol, a characteristic disinhibition, resulting in greater well-being or pleasure. However, when the body becomes accustomed to this substance, the levels of the neurotransmitter (dopamine) are reduced by making more quantity necessary to achieve the same reward. These changes, moreover, result in a complex molecular reorganization in the levels of interaction of the different receptors, located in the neuronal membrane.



Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for multiple functions in the body among which are learning, sleep, humor or motivation. Its synthesis and production varies as necessary at each moment. For example, before a pleasant event the release and production of dopamine in the brain increases, while in times of fatigue, it decreases. "Some substances, such as alcohol, food or drugs, can modify their production in both the short and long term. If the release of dopamine decreases or increases, the neuronal receptors that are activated by it undergo a profound reorganization, altering neuronal functions, "says Dasiel Borroto-Escuela, of the Karolinska Institute where the research has been developed.



For its part, the research has included the study of the response of other neuronal receptors that interact directly with dopamine receptors, especially with the so-called D2 receptor, forming the so-called dopamine receptor hetero complexes.



Specifically, they have focused on the adenosine A2A receptors, which suppress excitement thus promoting sleep, and the sigma1 receptor, implicated in several phenomena such as cardiovascular function, schizophrenia or clinical depression. The conclusion is that only A2A-D2 complexes increase after prolonged exposure to voluntary alcohol consumption and accelerate the loss of dopamine receptor function. Therefore, they contribute to a greater dependence on alcohol. This suggests that the use of drugs capable of blocking adenosine receptors can become an excellent therapeutic target in the treatment of alcoholism and addiction. (Source: Discover Foundation)

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