The Japanese space capsule HSRC and other ships that survived reentry from orbit

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The Japanese space capsule HSRC and other ships that survived reentry from orbit





The Japanese space capsule HSRC and other ships that survived reentry from orbit


Seeing a Japanese capsule landing after returning from orbit is not common. But on November 11 at 01:37 UTC, the small HSRC capsule was landing in the Pacific Ocean (HTV Small Re-entry Capsule or 小型 回収 カ プ セ ル in Japanese) after surviving the atmospheric reentry that ended his mother ship, the HTV-7 cargo ship. The HTV-7 Kounotori 7 had been separated from the Harmony module of the International Space Station (ISS) with the help of the Canadarm robot arm on November 7 at 12:15 UTC. The cargo ship had taken off on September 23 and had been captured by the ISS robot arm four days later. As usual, the HTV-7 had to disintegrate in the atmosphere once its mission, carrying in its pressurized compartment garbage and other waste of the crew of the ISS. However, this time the HTV had a "surprise": the HSRC capsule located in the PLC pressurized compartment (Pressurized Logistic Carrier).



Recreation of the Japanese capsule HSRC during the reentry (JAXA).



After the braking ignition the HTV-7 gave a 180º turn and released the HSRC, a 180 kg conical capsule with dimensions of 84 centimeters in diameter and 65.7 centimeters in height. The capsule is equipped with a thermal ablation shield and eight attitude control propellants based on gaseous nitrogen. The ship followed a very steep ballistic trajectory, reaching a deceleration of up to 40 g, while the HTV-7 was shattered in the atmosphere. Inside the HSRC was a container of 29 x 32 centimeters - basically a thermos with double vacuum layer and a refrigerant inside - capable of maintaining samples at a temperature of 4 ° C for 4 days.



The HTV-7 leaves the ISS (NASA).





The HTV and the HSRC capsule (JAXA).



Once in the low atmosphere, the capsule ejected two side panels around the sample container. Half of the space between the container and the outer part of the capsule was occupied by the parachute, while the other half was occupied by an inflatable raft that should allow the capsule not to sink in the Pacific. The container had been filled with samples by the crew of the ISS before closing the hatch with the pressurized compartment of the HTV. The parachute was deployed at a height of between 7 and 14 kilometers. After recovering the capsule in the sea, the container with the samples was taken to the island of Minami Tori, from where it would travel by plane to the Tsukuba space center in Japan.



Location of the capsule at the end of the HTV-7 mission (JAXA).





Mission of HTV-7 and its capsule (JAXA).





Reentry of HTV-7 with the capsule (JAXA).





Different positions of the HSRC capsule in the pressurized compartment of the HTV-7 (JAXA).





The capsule traveled on the HTV-7 in the upper part of the pressurized compartment (JAXA).



The HSRC capsule can bring to Earth 20 kg of cargo in a volume of 30 liters, a small amount, but enough to return to our planet the results of many scientific experiments that are carried out in the Japanese Kibo module. The HSRC is the second unmanned capsule that can carry cargo from the ISS after the SpaceX Dragon, although obviously the latter is a much larger vehicle. In the future, Roscosmos plans to partially replace the Progress cargo ships with the Soyuz GVK, an unmanned version of the Soyuz spacecraft that will join the Dragon and the HSRC. Of course, the HSRC is not the first Japanese space capsule. Do not forget that the Hayabusa and Hayabusa 2 probes incorporate two capsules for the return of asteroid samples. As a comparison, the capsule of the Hayabusa 2 has a diameter of 40 centimeters and a height of 20 centimeters, with a mass of 16 kg.



The HSRC capsule before launch (JAXA).





Capsule sample container (JAXA).





Parts of the capsule (JAXA).





System of propellants by means of nitrogen (JAXA).





HTV-7 reentry zone (above), more to the north and west than the rest of HTV (JAXA).





The capsule in the ocean (JAXA).





The Japanese capsule HSRC in the Pacific after returning from the ISS (JAXA).





The capsule after recovered (JAXA).





Analyzing the capsule on the ship (JAXA).



The idea of ​​placing a small recoverable capsule inside a cargo ship destined to be destroyed may seem very original, but the HSRC is not the first of its kind. Already at the end of the 80s the Progress cargo ships incorporated a small capsule called VBK-Ráduga ("rainbow" in Russian) in order to bring small loads from the Mir station. The Ráduga capsules were larger than the Japanese HSRC, with a mass of 350 kg and dimensions of 1.47 x 0.78 meters. The Ráduga could bring up to 150 kg of cargo from orbit. Between 1990 and 1994 a total of ten Ráduga capsules returned to Earth aboard Progress ships (the first was the Progress M-5).



Soviet capsule Ráduga (Eureka).





Parts of a Ráduga capsule (RKK Energy).





Location of the Ráduga in the orbital module of the Progress (RKK Energía).





Ráduga capsule deployment system (RKK Energy).



Unlike the small Japanese conical shaped capsule, the Ráduga had a design not unlike the entry vehicles used to carry nuclear weapons. The cosmonauts loaded the capsule with the samples and then introduced it into the orbital module of the Progress. After the braking ignition, the Ráduga separated and followed an independent trajectory before deploying its parachute and landing in Central Asia. The Ráduga were canceled because of their high cost and because they were considered redundant once the NASA space shuttle began to mate with the Mir. Since then they have not been used again and I am afraid that their technology has been lost, at least in part. Almost a quarter of a century later the Japanese space agency takes over from the Ráduga.

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