The centenary of the First World War will be celebrated in London and Paris, not in Berlin
The centenary of the First World War will be celebrated in London and Paris, not in Berlin
The German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, will celebrate the centenary of the end of the First World War in French territory, and the German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier will be in London at a ceremony in Westminster Abby with Queen Elizabeth II.
But while the leaders visit the capitals of GermanyThe enemies of the war, at home, there are no national commemorations planned for the centenary of the 11 November armistice that ended the four-year war that killed more than 2 million of its troops and left 4 million wounded.
Next week, the German parliament will hold a commemorative commemoration of the centenary of the declaration of the first German republic, the 80th anniversary of the brutal pogrom of the Nazi era against the Jews, known as the Night of Broken Glass, and the 29th anniversary of the fall. of the berlin wall. Almost as a late occurrence, the parliament points out that there is also an art exhibition in the lobby called "1914/1918 - Not then, not now, not ever".
More than being on the losing side of the First World War, it is what came after that is really behind the lack of commemorative events in Germany.
For Germany, the armistice of November 11 did not mean peace as it did in France and Great Britain. The end of the war led to revolution and street fighting between the extreme left and extreme right factions. It also put an end to the monarchy, to the years of hyperinflation, widespread poverty and hunger, and helped to create the conditions that led the Nazis to power in 1933.
The horrible legacy of the Holocaust and the massive destruction of World War II simply overshadow everything else in Germany, said Daniel Schoenpflug, a historian at the Friedrich-Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin. His new book, "A World on the Edge," explores the immediate consequences of war through individual perspectives.
"One can not reduce it to the simple fact that one country won the war and the other lost," said Schoenpflug. "Germany is a country that extracts practically all of its national narrative from the defeat of 1945," and not the defeat of 1918.
On the contrary, in Turkey, which was also on the losing side in World War I, the end of the war produced a similar collapse of the Ottoman Empire and a war of independence, but it also gave rise to Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who founded the modern Turkish Republic
In Germany, although the end of the First World War is now seen through the prism of Hitler and the Holocaust, in the immediate post-war period there was a period of utopianism, with movements that promoted idealist views of peace and democracy, Schoenpflug said. .
However, on the other side of the political spectrum, the utopianism of the right also gave rise to fascism, he said.
And as the initial euphoria over the end of World War I faded, hopes for the future quickly gave way to feelings of resentment at the reparations and conditions imposed on Germany by the powers of the victorious axis. The Nazis and right-wing nationalists were able to gain support by propagating the myth of "stabbing the back," which held that civilian leaders in Germany had sold the army by accepting the surrender of November 11.
"There was a war of dreams, a clash of utopias" between the right and the left, said Schoenpflug.
Although there is no national commemoration in Germany to mark the end of the war, individual events are planned, including an exhibition at the German Historical Museum in Berlin. The German Bishops' Conference in the Berliner Dom cathedral also organizes a special religious service of the First World War.
In addition to the German officials who participated in the events in London and Paris, the Foreign Ministry said that they and their British counterparts have worked together to coordinate the ringing of church bells and laics around the world on November 11 to commemorate the centenary of the war.
"The bells will ring at noon to commemorate the more than 17 million victims of the First World War and as a call for understanding and reconciliation across borders," the ministry said.
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