'Volcanic' supernovas that enrich the interstellar medium

'Volcanic' supernovas that enrich the interstellar medium https://i2.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Supernovas-039volcánicas039-que-enriquecen-el-medio-interestelar.jpg?fit=146%2C146&ssl=1

'Volcanic' supernovas that enrich the interstellar medium







An international team in which the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics of Mexico and the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands (IAC) (Spain), have shown that supernovae can leave big traces of dust in their environments. With this result they propose a model that explains how the galaxies of the early Universe can contain so much dust.



Supernovas are dust factories that emit particles into the interstellar medium. However, it was thought that, in the early stages of the evolution of the remains of these stellar explosions, the dust was destroyed by the shock waves that were generated in the explosion, while this new study suggests that supernovae produce more dust of which they destroy. The conclusion of the study led by the researcher of the Czech Academy of Sciences Sergio Martínez González, who has made a research stay at the IAC within the framework of a Strategic Action of the ERASMUS + European program for young researchers, could have great implications, given that Dust is a key ingredient in the formation of stars and planets.







Simulations by supercomputer allow to study the evolution of remnants of supernova and its dust. The image shows a region with a size of around 100 light years and the intricate structure of dust created by a supernova explosion 50,000 years after the explosion. (Credit: Sergio Martínez González)



These results, recently published in The Astrophysical Journal, have been obtained by performing a series of hydrodynamic simulations using the SALOMON supercomputer in the Czech Republic, one of the most powerful in the world. "The simulations incorporate a new mechanism not considered until now, to generate part of the dust that we see in galaxies, and that may have been produced in violent episodes of star formation", explains Martínez González. "Exploring this possibility was particularly interesting because, even the galaxies of the early Universe show evidence of being very enriched with dust at a time when other sources, like the old stars, have not yet begun to produce it," adds Casiana Muñoz-Tuñón , coauthor of the article and researcher of the IAC and the University of La Laguna.



Sergio Martínez González focused his study on the simulation of large clusters of young stars, where hundreds or thousands of supernova explosions can occur in a relatively small space (a couple of tens of light years). "Although they occur on a different scale and are produced by a different mechanism," Martínez González says, "the supernova remnants in clusters of young stars expand and deposit dust in the interstellar medium in a similar way to how it is thought that so do the mushroom-shaped clouds produced by the supervolcanoes on Earth, capable of covering regions with the size of continents with pyroclastic and volcanic ash. " (Source: IAC)

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