Stone throwers face different destinations around the world.
Stone throwers face different destinations around the world.
President Donald TrumpThe recent assertion that US troops should respond to stone-throwing immigrants, a hypothetical scenario, as if armed, has sparked a debate over the appropriate use of force.
Nigerian troops quickly used Trump's comments on migrants as justification for a deadly crackdown on protesters over the weekend.
From the Gaza Strip to Africa and Europe, security forces have confronted stone throwers in many different ways, from live firing to limited non-lethal means.
A 1990 document from the United States asks law enforcement officials to show maximum restraint and to use firearms only in cases where an "imminent threat of death or serious injury" is identified.
These standards have been interpreted differently throughout the world.
Last week, Trump called attention to a caravan of immigrants from several thousand Central Americans who were heading for the United States border. It is a largely peaceful procession, although some migrants in a caravan clashed with the Mexican police, throwing stones.
Although the caravan is about 1,200 kilometers (800 miles) from the border, Trump has mobilized troops and has stated that if US soldiers confront migrants who throw stones, they should react as if the rocks were "rifles".
Later, Trump said he was simply calling for the arrest of the stone throwers.
But following Trump's comments, the Nigerian army sent out a tweet that seemed to use his words as a justification to shoot and kill the Shiite protesters. Later he deleted the tweet.
Omar Shakir, the Israeli-Palestinian director of the international group Human Rights Watch, said he fears that Trump's comments could encourage other forces to loosen their commitment rules.
"Rights abusers have already taken over Trump's brazen and inflammatory statements, days before mid-term elections in the United States, to justify more expansive open-fire standards," he said.
Next, it shows how countries around the world respond to stone throwers.
ISRAEL / PALESTINIAN:
Israeli forces have been pitting Palestinian stone throwers in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip for decades. Israeli tactics have evolved over the years, particularly with the increasing use of what are presented as non-lethal tools of crowd dispersal, such as tear gas and rubber bullets.
The Israeli authorities say that live fire is used only as a last resort, when the lives of soldiers are threatened. But critics accuse Israel of unnecessarily, and perhaps illegally, using lethal force.
In recent months, for example, more than 160 Palestinians have been killed during mass protests along the Gaza-Israel border. Many have been disarmed.
Israel says the threats go beyond throwing stones, and that demonstrators throw grenades and firebombs, or try to cross the border to attack Israeli civilians.
David Tzur, former commander of Israel's paramilitary border police, said that the non-lethal force is sufficient in most cases, but that the troops could be justified using real fire in more chaotic situations, if a moving vehicle has stones in a tense place, for example.
GREECE:
In Greece, the incendiary bombs and the throwing of stones are habitual events in the anarchist manifestations that are carried out most of the weekends. The police usually respond with tear gas and stun grenades to disperse the crowd.
In 2008, a policeman shot his gun at a group of young people in downtown Athens, killing a 15-year-old protester. The death sparked two weeks of rioting in the main cities of Greece, and the policeman was imprisoned for murder.
MIGRANTS IN EUROPE:
Migrants heading to Europe have clashed with security forces in several countries.
In Spain, migrants from Africa have repeatedly assaulted across the border, attacking police officers with acid, skin irritants and other objects.
But the police are not allowed to use live ammunition and have not even used rubber bullets against migrants since a repression so criticized in 2014. Spanish police used rubber bullets last year in clashes with Catalan separatists.
Hungary, which takes one of the toughest lines against migrants, used only tear gas and water cannons in a major confrontation with migrants three years ago. However, a Syrian migrant was sentenced to five years in prison on terrorism charges for illegally entering the country and throwing stones at the police.
CASHMERE:
In India-administered Kashmir, a disputed territory divided between India and Pakistan, protesters have long seen stone-throwing as a legitimate protest against the Indian government.
India has often responded with difficult measures, which include live fire and metal pellets that have killed, maimed or blinded hundreds of people in the last decade. India says its troops are in life-threatening situations that justify the intensive use of force.
Demonstrators caught throwing stones at soldiers and police, often identified through video recordings of demonstrations, are generally accused of attempting to assassinate government officials, a charge that carries long prison sentences. Many stone throwers have been gunned down by soldiers.
The rebels have been fighting Indian control since 1989. About 70,000 people were killed in the uprising and the ensuing Indian military repression.
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Aijaz Hussain in Srinigar, India; Elena Becatoros in Athens; Thomas Adamson in Paris; Pablo Gorondi in Budapest, Hungary; Joseph Wilson in Barcelona, Spain, and Aron Heller in Jerusalem contributed to the report.
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