Stone throwers face different destinations around the world.
Stone throwers face different destinations around the world.
JERUSALEM - President Donald Trump's claim that the stones thrown by Latin American protesters to US troops should be treated as "rifles" has sparked a debate about the proper response to the stone-throwing crowds, particularly after Nigerian troops appear Use your comments as justification for a deadly crackdown protesters over the weekend.
From the Gaza Strip to Africa and Europe, security forces have long dealt with stone throwers, albeit in very different ways.
Israel has killed dozens of Palestinian stone throwers for decades, saying the rocks were a threat to the lives of their soldiers. In Greece, the murder of a single stone thrower by a rebel policeman a decade ago led to riots throughout the country.
A UN document of 1990, "Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials," is generally considered to be the establishment of the international standard for the use of of force in police environments, according to Omar Shakir, director of Humanities of Israel and Palestine. Rights Watch.
Appeals to law enforcement agencies to show maximum restraint and use firearms only in cases where an "imminent threat of death or serious injury" is identified.
These standards have been interpreted differently throughout the world.
Last week, Trump pointed to a caravan of immigrants from several thousand Central Americans who were heading for the United States border. Although the caravan is about 1,200 kilometers (800 miles) from the border, Trump has mobilized troops and has stated that if US soldiers confront migrants who throw stones, they should react as if the rocks were "rifles". Later, Trump said he was simply calling for the arrest of the stone throwers.
But following Trump's comments, the Nigerian army sent out a tweet that seemed to use his words as a justification to shoot and kill the Shiite protesters. Later he deleted the tweet.
Shakir said he fears Trump's comments might encourage other forces to loosen their commitment rules.
"Rights abusers have already taken over Trump's brazen and inflammatory statements, days before mid-term elections in the United States, to justify more expansive open-fire standards," he said.
Next, it shows how countries around the world respond to stone throwers.
Israel / Palestinians:
Israeli forces have been pitting Palestinian stone throwers in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip for decades. Israeli tactics have evolved over the years, particularly with the increasing use of "non-lethal" crowd dispersal tools, such as tear gas and rubber bullets.
The Israeli authorities say that live fire is used only as a last resort, when the lives of soldiers are threatened. But critics accuse Israel of unnecessarily, and perhaps illegally, using lethal force.
In recent months, for example, more than 160 Palestinians have been killed during mass protests along the Gaza-Israel border. Many have been disarmed.
Israel says that the crowds are being incited by the Hamas militant group, and the threats go far beyond the throwing of stones. He says the protesters throw grenades and firebombs and try to infiltrate the border to attack Israeli civilians.
David Tzur, a former commander of Israel's Border Police, a paramilitary force often used in riot control situations, said shots to be killed should be avoided as much as possible and that non-lethal force is sufficient in most cases. cases. But he said troops could be justified using live fire in more chaotic situations, for example, if a moving vehicle has stones in a tense place.
He said he hoped the US troops would do everything possible to avoid lethal force, since doing so intensifies the situation. "I guess they will not be eager to start shooting," he said.
Greece:
In Greece, the incendiary bombs and the throwing of stones are habitual events in the anarchist manifestations that are carried out most of the weekends. The police usually respond with tear gas and stun grenades to disperse the crowd.
In 2008, a rebel policeman shot his gun at a group of young people in downtown Athens, killing a 15-year-old protester. The death sparked two weeks of rioting in the main cities of Greece, and the policeman was imprisoned for murder.
African migrants:
Migrants heading to Europe have clashed with security forces in several countries.
In Spain, migrants from Africa have assaulted several times across the border, throwing police with acid, skin irritants and other objects.
But the police are not allowed to use live ammunition, and they have not even used rubber bullets against migrants since a highly criticized crackdown in 2014. Spanish police used rubber bullets last year in clashes with Catalan separatists.
French regulations allow police officers to use force as a "legitimate defense" against aggression. But any use of force must be proportionate, immediate and necessary.
The police do not consider that "normal" stones are a danger to life, therefore, live fire is normally prohibited. In "exceptional" cases, like a rock thrown at the forces, real fire could be forbidden.
Hungary, which takes one of the toughest lines against migrants, used only tear gas and water cannons in a major confrontation with migrants three years ago. However, a Syrian migrant was sentenced to five years in prison on terrorism charges for illegally entering the country and throwing stones at the police.
Cashmere:
In India-administered Kashmir, a disputed territory divided between India and Pakistan, protesters have long seen stone-throwing as a legitimate form of protest against the Indian government.
India has often responded with difficult measures, which include live fire and metal pellets that have killed, maimed or blinded hundreds of people in the last decade. India says its troops are in life-threatening situations that justify the intensive use of force.
Protesters caught throwing stones at soldiers and police, often identified through video recordings of demonstrations, are generally accused of attempting to assassinate government officials, a charge that invokes a long prison sentence if declared guilty. Many stone throwers have been gunned down by soldiers.
The rebels have been fighting Indian control since 1989. About 70,000 people were killed in the uprising and the ensuing Indian military repression.
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Aijaz Hussain in Srinigar, India; Elena Becatoros in Athens; Thomas Adamson in Paris; Pablo Gorondi in Budapest, Hungary; Joseph Wilson in Barcelona, Spain, and Aron Heller in Jerusalem contributed to the report.
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