Steamiest and smoking skies in India
Steamiest and smoking skies in India
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The cloudy skies have become an autumn tradition for residents of several states in northern India. Every October and November, usually around the time of Celebrations of Diwali, a blanket of smoke hangs over large swaths of Indo-Gangetic Plain
Although industrial pollution contributes to the haze, most comes from the burning of crops, especially in the states of Punjab and Haryana, where rice and wheat are widely grown. The burn usually peaks during the first week of November, a time when many farmers set fire to the remains of rice and straw stems after harvesting, a practice known as stubble or rice burning.
Burning stubble is a relatively new phenomenon in northern India. Historically, farmers harvested and plowed the fields manually, tilling the remains of plants back into the soil. When mechanized harvesting (using harvesters) began to become popular in the 1980s, burning became common because machines leave stems that measure several centimeters in height. Burning is the fastest and cheapest way to eliminate them and prepare the way for the wheat harvest.
Satellites observing the earth began to detect a significant number of fires in early October near the city of Amritsar. At the end of the month, a large number of fires burned in much of the states of Punjab and Haryana. the Radiometer visible for infrared images (VIIRS) in the Suomi NPP the satellite captured a natural color image on the afternoon of October 31, 2018. The map (second image) shows the locations of the fires detected by VIIRS during a 48-hour period from October 30 to November 1.
Despite efforts to curb the practice, the burning of crops is growing. more common With each passing year. NASA's Aqua satellite found an increase of approximately 300 percent in the number of fires in the Indo-Gangetic Plain between 2003 and 2017, according to a report analysis written by Sudipta Sarkar, a scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
"Paper regulations are easy to make, but it must be remembered that many of these farms are small-scale operations. Without cheap and easy alternatives, there are few incentives for farmers to stop burning, "Sarkar said.
While smoke from fires has the most direct consequences in northern India, Sarkar and his colleagues found that noxious particles and gases traveled regularly several hundred kilometers from the source, sometimes even affecting the center and south from India.
The availability and more widespread use of agricultural equipment that removes stems and shreds could eventually reduce farmers' dependence on burning, but in the short term people and other downwind cities should be prepared to smoke more.
"The fire counts are increasing, and so are the particles (PM2.5) levels in New Delhi, "he said Hiren Jethva, a scientist at the Universities Space Research Association based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, which tracks burning with several satellite sensors every year. "The peak of this year is expected to be between October 31 and November 6. Be prepared and take good care of yourself, in northern India," he said. He said.
Image of the Earth Observatory of NASA by Joshua Stevens, using data from VIIRS Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership and the Fire information for the resource management system (FIRMS). Story of Adam Voiland.
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