|
FIRST NAME
OF THE
MISSION
|
DATE
LAUNCHING
Day month Year
|
AGENCY
SPACE / INSTITUTE
|
COUNTRY
|
OBSERVATIONS
|
|
Mars 1960A
Other names:
(Marsnik 1)
(Mars 1M / 1)
(Marsnik1960A)
(Korabl 4) |
10/10/1960
|
POCKOCMOC
|
 |
i It was the first probe sent to explore Mars, its objective was to fly over the Red planet, it contained a magnetometer, radiometer, cosmic ray counter, plasma ion sensor, meteorite detector, light sensor, spectrometer and camera. It lost control 5 minutes after takeoff, so its destruction was ordered, reaching 120 km. |
|
Mars 1960B
Other names:
(Marsnik 2)
(Mars 1M / 2)
(Marsnik1960B)
(Korabl 5)
|
14/10/1960
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Probe identical to the Mars 1960A, its objective was to fly over Mars, it failed in the third stage of its launching also reaching 120 km of height. |
|
|
24/10/1962
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Failed after its launch and was destroyed, the remains that re-entered the atmosphere were detected in Alaska and an alarm went off because it happened in the Crisis of the Missiles of Cuba in full Cold War. |
|
Mars 1
Other names:
(1962 Beta Nu 1)
(Sputnik 23)
(Mars 2MV-4)
|
01/11/1962
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Successful launch, left the parking orbit on March 21, 1963 and went to Mars, communication failed during the trip to almost 107 million km, on June 19, 1963 approached Mars to 193,000 km and then entered into heliocentric orbit. |
|
|
04/11/1962
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i It was the first ship destined to land on Mars failed after being placed in parking orbit, the remains fell to Earth. |
|
Zond 1964A |
04/06/1964
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i His objective was to fly over Mars but failed to launch |
|
Mariner 3 |
05/11/1964
|
POT
|
 |
i It contained multiple instruments to study Mars, but a failure of the protective cover that did not separate caused it to take a different path |
|
Mariner 4 |
11/28/1964
|
POT
|
|
p Successful launch, it was the first probe to successfully fly over Mars, it took 21 photographs of the Red Planet that were the first ones up close, it detected atmospheric pressure, it was impacted by micrometeorites, it did not detect magnetic field and it collected more data. After communication was lost. |
|
Zond 2 |
11/30/1964
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Successful launch NASA detected its trajectory to Mars. Contact was lost on the road. It approached 1,500 km from Mars at 20,232 km / h. |
|
Mariner 6 |
02/24/1969
|
POT
|
|
p In order to fly over Mars, photograph it and study it. It flew over on July 3, 1969 at 3,412 km from the surface. |
|
Mariner 7 |
27/03/1969
|
POT
|
|
p Identical ship that the Mariner 6, flew over Mars on August 5, 1969 at 3,430 km from the surface, taking photographs. |
|
(Mars 2M No.521)
(Mars M69 No.521)
|
27/03/1969
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i It consisted of an orbiter and a lander, water vapor and atmospheric detector. He failed in the launch. |
|
(Mars 2M No.522)
(Mars M69 No.522)
|
02/04/1969
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Ship identical to the Mars 1969A and failed equally in the launch. |
|
Mariner 8 |
05/08/1971
|
POT
|
|
i After 265 seconds of its launch it caught fire and lost control, falling into the Atlantic Ocean. |
|
Cosmos_419 |
10/05/1971
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i Failed launch in stage 4, fell to Earth 2 days later. |
|
Mars 2
|
05/19/1971
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i His goal was to land on Mars, but the landing sequence of the lander failed and crashed on the Martian surface. It was the first man-made object to touch the surface of Mars. |
|
Mars 3
(Mars 3 orbiter)
(1971-049A)
|
05/28/1971
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
p It was the first probe to land successfully and smoothly on the surface of Mars. It contained multiple devices, collecting important data, 110 seconds after opening the cover of the throwing communication was lost (possibly by the sandstorm that was at that time in the place). |
|
Mariner 9
|
05/30/1971
|
POT
|
|
p It was the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. He studied Mars with various instruments and made a map of the surface. |
|
Mars 4 |
21/07/1973
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i During the trip to Mars failed a chip that would serve to slow down the ship upon arrival, passing 2,200 km from Mars, still collected some data. |
|
Mars 5 |
25/07/1973
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
p Partial success It was placed in elliptical orbit, took 60 photographs in 9 days and 22 orbits, then contact was lost. |
|
Mars 6
(Marsnik 6)
(1973-052A)
|
08/15/1973
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
p Partial success ANDIt entered the atmosphere of Mars collecting important data, but communication failed before landing. |
|
Mars 7 |
09/08/1973
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i A chip failed on landing, which caused the Lander to split 4 hours before it was provided. The Lander and the Bus were placed in heliocentric orbit. |
|
Viking 1 |
08/20/1975
|
POT
|
|
p The orbiter was placed in orbit and the lander landed successfully, taking photographs, collecting data about the atmosphere and for the first time examining samples from the surface. It collected information from the surface from July 20, 1976 to November 13, 1982 until it failed due to a human error in the software update. |
|
Viking 2 |
09/09/1975
|
POT
|
|
p He landed successfully and sent valuable information during 1281 Martian days before shutting down due to a battery error on April 11, 1980. |
|
Phobos 1 |
07/07/1988
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i During its flight a signal was badly transmitted, clearly a "+" instead of a "-" which caused that the solar panels did not align with the Sun, the batteries being exhausted 4 days later. |
|
Phobos 2 |
07/12/1988
|
POCKOCMOC
|
|
i It was placed in Martian orbit but at the time of uncoupling the Lander the telemetry failed making communication impossible. |
|
Mars Observer |
09/25/1992
|
POT
|
|
i Contact was lost 3 days before entering the orbit of Mars. |
|
Mars Gloval Surveyor |
07/11/1996
|
POT
|
|
p It was placed in Martian orbit. Your mission map the entire Martian surface in more detail. It was one of NASA's most successful missions to Mars. It transmitted some mysterious images of dark spots that appeared in spring and disappeared in winter. The mission ended with a failure in the solar panels on November 5, 2006 |
|
Mars 96 |
16/11/1996
|
POCKOCMOC
|
 |
i It was the first probe from Russia to Mars after the fall of the USSR, it was the second heaviest probe ever brought before space, it was an ambitious plan with modern instruments. He caused concern about radioactive contamination since he was carrying plutonium. The ship failed in stage 4 of the launch and was destroyed in the reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. |
|
Mars Pathfinder |
04/12/1996
|
POT
|
|
p It arrived at Mars successfully, the Lander named Sojouner was deployed. After landing the Mars Pathfinder was renamed Sagan Memorial Station in honor of Carl Sagan. He collected surface data, more than 8.5 million measurements of the atmosphere and more than 16,500 images. Contact was lost on September 27, 1997 |
|
Nozomi (Planet-B) |
03/07/1998
|
JAXA
|
 |
i Japan's first attempt to reach Mars. Successful launch, helped the Moon in a gravitational assistance, then failed a fuel valve which made it impossible to reach the Martian orbit. The idea was to meet the Earth to redirect it gravitationally to Mars 4 years after the failure, but a solar flare hit it and the damage more. Although the mission was abandoned, the probe continues to operate in heliocentric orbit. |
|
Mars climate Orbiter |
11/12/1998
|
POT
|
|
i It was a probe aiming to orbit Mars, the journey was going well but in the last days before reaching Mars, the operators of the probe made an error in the conversion from miles to kilometers, so the trajectory changed and collided with the atmosphere at 57 km from the surface of Mars, destroying itself. |
|
Mars Polar Lander |
03/01/1999
|
POT
|
|
i It contained 3 descent modules: Mars Polar Lander, Amundsen and Scott, these last 2 of the Deep Space 2 experiment. Ten minutes before landing, contact was lost, it is not known exactly why communications were lost, there are many speculations. |
|
Mars_Odyssey |
07/04/2001
|
POT
|
|
p Study the climate of Mars and make maps of the surface, it also helps as a link between the robots on Mars and Earth. It remains operative. |
|
Mars Express |
06/02/2003
|
THAT
UKSA
|
  |
p The first European mission to Mars, consisted of an orbiter the Mars Express Orbiter that was successfully placed in orbit doing numerous studies and the Lander Beagle 2 of Great Britain that failed in the landing. |
|
Spirit |
07/10/2003
|
POT
|
|
p He landed successfully on Mars, has the ability to move on the surface and examine rock samples, made numerous studies showing signs of water and took many photographs of the surface. He got stuck and filled with dust receiving his last communication on March 10, 2010. |
|
Oppotunity |
07/07/2003
|
POT
|
|
p It landed successfully on a crater 22 m in diameter and 3 m deep, in which there was liquid water previously. It is the twin of the Spirit, it has studied several craters and the first meteorite in another celestial body apart from the Earth (since nothing was found on the Moon). Still in operation |
|
Rosetta |
03/02/2004
|
THAT
|
|
p Successful launch In his mission he assisted Mars gravitational assistance and made studies about it, his goal is to orbit Comet 67p Churyumov-Gerasimenco and descent a lander named Philae that will be hooked to the comet in 2014. |
|
Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter |
12/08/2005
|
POT
|
|
p It mated successfully in Martian orbit. It makes detailed maps of Mars, has helped in the communications between robots on the surface and Earth, photographed the Opportunity in the Victoria crater, helped the Phoenix to descend in the Arctic of Mars and looks for the lost probes Mars Polar Lander and the Beagle. |
|
Phoenix |
04/08/2007
|
University of Arizona.
POT.
Lockheed_Martin.
MacDonald D & A.
CSA.
SSO.
Meteorological Institute of Finland.
DNSC.
DLR.
|
|
p He landed at the north pole, confirmed the existence of water by studying a piece of water ice, saw snow on Mars and made important studies on the climate and the past of the rocks. The mission officially declared dead on May 25, 2010 |
|
Dawn |
08/27/2007
|
POT
|
|
p Successful launch, it went through Mars on February 18, 2009, gravitationally helping it, its mission is to reach the dwarf planet Ceres in 2015. |
|
Fobos-Grunt |
?? / 11/2011
|
-POCOCMOC.
Finnish Meteorological Institute.
-CNSA
|
|
It is a mission that will strike the Mars of Phobos satellite, which will be coupled with 2 landing modules, one of them will collect a sample and will return to Earth in 2012 and the other will study the atmosphere of Mars and other studies. |
|
Yinghuo-1 |
?? / 11/2011
|
CNSA
|
|
It will be the first mission to Mars that China makes alone. Its objective is to orbit the Red Planet and study its atmosphere, its magnetic field and the solar wind. |
|
Mars Science Laboratory
|
25/11/2011
|
-POT.
-Boeing.
-Lockheed Martin.
|
|
It will be the mission with the most advanced instruments that any other mission in history, will have a vehicle capable of exploring the Martian surface, 3 times heavier and 2 times larger than the previous rovers, among its main objectives is to study the chemistry of Mars to know if there is or there was life on that planet. |
|
Northern Light |
?? / ?? / 2013
|
CSA
|
|
It will be the first mission to Mars that Canada does alone, it will have a vehicle that will descend on the surface, it will look for signs of life, water and will study the atmosphere and its radiation and obtain some data for the missions in the future to collect a sample and return it to Earth and then to the first manned mission to Mars. |
|
MAVEN |
11/18/2013
|
-POT.
-University of Colorado.
|
|
It will be placed in Martian orbit, its main objective is to study how it is that solar winds rob Mars atmosphere. |
|
Mars Trace Gas Orbiter |
?? / 01/2016
|
THAT
|
|
It will have an orbiter and a probe that will land on the surface, make meteorological observations. |
|
MetNet |
?? / ?? / 2016
|
- Finnish Meteorological Institute.
-DLR.
-CSA
-DNSC.
-INTA.
-POT.
-CNES
-UKSA.
-POCOCMOC.
|
|
It will be the mission to study the most ambitious Mars meteorology to date, it will have an orbiter, a weather balloon and 16 small MetNet probes of 20 kg each. |
|
Astrobiology Field Laboratory |
?? / ?? / 2016
|
POT
|
|
It will be a mission in which a vehicle that will explore a place that is created can be habitable, such as an active or extinct hydrothermal deposit, will descend. |
|
ExoMars |
?? / ?? / 2018
|
-THAT.
-POT.
-POCOCMOC.
-CSA
|
|
It will have an orbiter and a probe that will descend on the surface, from which will come 2 exploration vehicles that will look for signs of life, will study the geochemistry, geophysics and water distribution of Mars and will detect possible dangerous elements for future human exploration of the Red Planet . |
|
Mars Sample Return Mission |
?? / ?? / 2018
|
-THAT.
-POT.
|
|
It will be the most important mission of Mars than any other, it is an exploiting vehicle that will descend from a landing module, collect rocks and Martian dust, return to the lander and insert the samples in a rocket that will launch from Mars, then a capsule will be uncoupled which will go back to Earth in 2022 to examine the rock and dust samples from Mars. |
|
-----------? ----------
(Manned mission) |
?? / ?? / ????
|
-POT.
-POCOCMOC.
-JAXA.
-THAT.
CSA
|
|
Manned mission to Mars.
It will be humanity's greatest challenge in space matters since the arrival of man on the Moon.
Although it is speculated that it will be in the year 2031, there really is no real and sensible date, since it is a great technological, logistical and economic challenge, in addition to literally hundreds of challenges. The first step is to make manned trips to asteroids, then create the Mars Space Station, which will orbit Mars as the ISS orbits the Earth, perhaps by the year 2055 (being frank), and then with robots you have to prepare the terrestrial , the habitat and the vehicle back to Earth, all this maybe we can see it made a reality for the centenary of the arrival of man to the Moon in 2069 (all this if in space matter is invested more money than the current, if we would not possibly see this feat in 2100. You have to be aware of the myriad challenges that this represents and generate more developments to make it possible). |
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