SOUL and MUSE detect a galactic source

SOUL and MUSE detect a galactic source https://i2.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ALMA-y-MUSE-detectan-una-fuente-galáctica.jpg?fit=146%2C146&ssl=1

SOUL and MUSE detect a galactic source







Just a billion light years away, in the nearby cluster of galaxies known as Abell 2597, there is a gigantic galactic source. In the heart of a distant galaxy a massive black hole has been observed pumping a great jet of cold molecular gas into space, which then falls back on the black hole like an intergalactic flood. The input and output of matter from such a cosmic source had never been observed together, and they have their origin inside the brightest galaxy of the Abell 2597 cluster, at 100,000 light-years.



"Possibly, this is the first system in which we find clear evidence of both molecular gas flows: the cold that goes to the black hole and the one that rises or rises from the jets thrown by the black hole," explains Grant Tremblay, researcher at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and a former ESO fellow, who led this study. "The supermassive black hole at the center of this giant galaxy acts like a mechanical pump in a source."



Tremblay and his team used ALMA to track the position and movement of carbon monoxide molecules within the nebula. It was discovered that these cold molecules, with temperatures as low as 250-260 ° C below zero, were falling towards the black hole. The team also used data from MUSE, an instrument of ESO's Very Large Telescope, to study the hottest gas, released outside the black hole in the form of jets.







Composition of the Abell 2597 cluster of galaxies showing the flow of gas in the form of a source, fed by the supermassive black hole of the central galaxy. The ALMA data shows cold gas in yellow. In red, the MUSE instrument data, installed in ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT), shows hot hydrogen gas in the same region. In blue-purple color is seen the ionized and extended hot gas, as reflected in the data of the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The yellow data of ALMA show material falling and the red data of MUSE material thrown in an immense jet driven through the black hole. (Credit: ALMA (ESO / NAOJ / NRAO), Tremblay et al., NRAO / AUI / NSF, B. Saxton, NASA / Chandra, ESO / VLT)



"Here the highlight is the coupled analysis, very detailed, of the source, using data from ALMA and MUSE," explains Tremblay. "The two combined facilities offer an incredibly powerful result."



Together, these two sets of data form a complete picture of the process; the cold gas falls into the black hole, igniting the black hole and causing it to launch quick jets of incandescent plasma into the void. Then, these jets emerge from the black hole forming a spectacular galactic source. Without hope of escaping the gravitational clutches of the galaxy, the plasma cools, slows and finally falls back into the black hole in the form of rain, where the cycle begins again.



This unprecedented observation could shed light on the life cycle of galaxies. The team speculates that this process may be not only common, but also essential to understanding the formation of the galaxy. Although the entry and exit of cold molecular gas had already been previously detected, this is the first time that both phenomena have been detected within the same system, and therefore the first evidence that they are part of the same large process.



Abell 2597 is found in the constellation of Aquarius and is named for being included in the Abell Catalog of rich galaxy clusters. The catalog also includes clusters such as the Fornax cluster, the Hercules cluster, or the Pandora cluster. (Source: ESO)

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