Mercury

Mercury https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggG5C_VVc7-b3v65d3cWOofuUG3nmR5YQH3oMw7PtkKwcmqsJe58hPyx5j8pS2QKAFfbnF6M5dxO4gvLL9AASOBr0NJyn6NcaCURLzDUrJfsgbQhjzIcp4rdcB9Z9XaLxVy8fCtc_-kf0/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/Mercurio.jpg

Mercury











There are records of Mercury since 264 BC, although

Due to its close proximity to the Sun, it is difficult to see it with the naked eye. The

Greeks gave him two different names believing that they were two stars

different, because sometimes this planet is observed towards the West

and others towards the East of the Sun; then it was Apollo when it appeared

as "star" in the morning and Hermes when it was seen

the afternoon. Then the Romans merged both stars with the name of Mercury.











Missions

Spaces to Mercury:
































It was launched on November 3, 1973 by NASA for

study the atmosphere, surface and physical characteristics of Mercury and Venus,

besides to prove an experimental transmitter of side X. 








Mariner 10 was the first probe to study in depth

Mercury, took 10, 000 photographs of him in the ultraviolet spectrum.















one.     

March 29, 1974 at 703 km from the surface.








two.     

September 21, 1974 at 48,069 km from the surface.








3.     

March 16, 1975 at 327 km from the surface








The mission ended on March 24, 1975 when the Mariner 10

he ran out of fuel and could not keep himself in control and in guidance,

after this permanent contact was lost with the probe being drifted

Orbiting the Sun 

































It was launched on August 3, 2004 by NASA to establish 1

Earth's year of observation orbiting Mercury.








During its journey, the Messenger Probe flew over once

Earth (2005), 2 times Venus (2006 and 2007) and 3 times Mercury (2 times in 2008)

and once in 2009) before entering Mercury orbit on March 8, 2011,

being the first ship to enter the orbit of Mercury.















Name "MESSENGER " is the acronym of MErcury Syour face, Space INvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging (Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Measurement of

Mercury). His name also means "messenger", chosen because Mercury It was him

messenger of the gods, in the Roman mythology.















MESSENGER orbits Mercury every 12

hours in an elliptical orbit, with its apogee of 200 km and its perigee of 15,000

km on the surface of the Planet.































It is a joint mission between the

European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Space Exploration Agency (JAXA)

consisting of 2 orbital modules that will perform a full scan of

Mercury.



The first of the orbiters will be the

responsible for photographing and analyzing the Planet and the second will investigate the

magnetosphere.



Other objectives are to understand the

origin and evolution of a planet that is close to its star, its shape, its interior,

structure, geology, composition and craters, as well as the small atmosphere

residual, its composition and dynamism and tests of the theory will be made

general of Einstein.



Its launch is scheduled in August

of 2013, the arrival to Mercury in September 2019 ending the mission in

2020





study

of Mercury with telescopes:











·        

The first

observation made with a telescope was by Galileo Galilei in the seventeenth century,

but his telescope was not powerful enough to see details



·        

In 1631 Pierre Gassendi was the first to observe the

transit of Mercury by the Sun, which predicted Johannes Kepler.



·        

In 1639 Giovani Zupi conclusively proved that

Mercury orbits around the Sun.



·        

On May 28, 1737 John Bevis observed in the Royal

Greenwich Observatory that Mercury hid from Earth (as in an eclipse

lunar), a fact that happens every several centuries, the next will be in the year 2133.



·        

In 1800 Johann Schröter observed the surface of Mercury

and he misjudged his period of rotation similar to that of the earth of 24 hours.



·        

In 1880 Giovanni Schiaparelli made a map of Mercury

more correct and suggested that its rotation period was equal to that of translation

88 days (synchronous rotation like the Moon).



·        

In 1960 the synchronicity of the period of

rotation with the translation of Mercury.







·        

In 1965 the previous one was refuted, throwing the data that

Mercury rotates every 59 days.



·        

Giuseppe Colombo noted that the relationship between the period

orbiting and rotating was 3: 2 proposing a different form of force of

tide instead of 1: 1 in orbital resonance.



·        

In 2000 the high-resolution telescope of

Mount Wilson Observatory of 1,500 mm provided the first images that

they solved some superficial features of Mercury that could not photograph the

Sonar Mariner 10, discovering the impact basin known as Cuenca de

Shinakas

    .


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