Maximum Speeds in the Universe
Maximum Speeds in the Universe
.
Firstly
emphasize that in the Universe everything is in motion, there is nothing that exists and
that is static.
In this
In this article, we will explore the speeds that appear in our Universe, starting
with the earthly and familiar speeds for all and following us up
reach the highest speed known in and of the Universe.
·
The
speeds shown here are relative to the Earth since a
Absolute absolute magnitude is up to date impossible to obtain.
·
For
that there is no confusion with the numbers suggests review the Numerical Nomenclature of AstroCiencia (since depending on the area in which you live is how you
they write the numbers).
·
The
following are comparisons to get an idea of how fast EVERYTHING moves
in the Universe, starting from lower to higher speed.
The man most
fast of the world:
On August 16, 2009 at the World Cup in Berlin the Jamaican Usain
Bolt, broke the speed record in the 100 m flat with 9.58 s.
This makes the fastest man in the world have a speed
of 37.58 km / h.
The fastest car
of the world:
Officially
the "Bugatti Veyron Super Sport "holds the record
world as the fastest in the world.
With its 1,200 horsepower reaches a speed of 431.07 km / h.
The
Fastest boat in the world:
On October 8, 1978, Ken Warby driving the
"Spirit of Australia " a
super speed boat on the river Tumut in Australia, A) Yes
He got the world record on water.
The "Spirit of Australia "came to a
speed of 511 km / h, record
that still stands.
The
Fastest train in the world:
The speed record on rails, or better said
levitating over them, the train has it Maglev Shinkansen from Japan, his top speed was
reached while the tests were being made, reaching the 581
km / h.
The most airplane
fast of the world:
On 16
November 2004, a NASA experimental airplane named X-43 A obtained the
speed record of an aircraft within the stratosphere.
The plane was
launched from another plane, the Boeing B-52 at an altitude of 13,157 meters above sea level.
Traveling
a distance of 33,528 km during 9.93 s was it reached its maximum speed of
12,144 km / h.
Ferry and
International Space Station (ISS):
Speed
orbital depends mainly on the mass of 2 any objects, its
distance to the center of mass of each one and the linear velocity of these, being
second-term factors the friction with some possible atmosphere and the
eccentricity of the orbit, and as the third factor of speed is the influence of
the mass of other bodies on these.
The station
International Space does not have a fixed height due to friction with the
thermosphere mainly, and so that it does not fall to Earth like a meteorite
Once in a while NASA propels the ISS to higher orbits. That's why the
The speed of the ISS is not fixed, but on average it is 28,000
km / h, almost 23 times more
fast than the sound.
In relation to
to the Space Shuttle, it orbits at the same height as the ISS and in fact it
it is coupled to it, that is why it has the same speed.
Apollo Missions: The
faster manned.
The famous
Apollo XI mission that made possible the first man sore to the Moon had
an amazing speed
As said
spacecraft reached the moon, anyone would think that it left the orbit of
The Earth, first of all, must have overcome the escape velocity of the
Planet, which is 40,320 km / h. but the truth is that the Moon is in fact
Earth orbit, therefore this ship and all Apollo missions will never
They reached this speed, but they were close.
It has been
verified before the "Guinness World Records" that the Apollo X mission was in the
that a manned vehicle reached the highest speed. The record was given
during the return of the Moon to Earth on May 26, 1969, in which the
Apollo X reached a speed of 39,897 km / h.
Stardust: The return
faster to Earth.
The probe
spacecraft Stardust was launched on February 7, 1999 to collect dust
interstellar and samples of Comet 81P / Wild (wild 2), which arrived
on January 2, 2004 taking photographs of its ice core. The dust
collected dated an age that goes back to the origin of the Solar System
On 15
January 2006 returned to Earth and became the fastest object ever made
by man in reentering the Earth's atmosphere with a speed of 46,446
km / h.
New Horizons: The
fastest probe to leave the Earth.
Is a
mission that was launched on January 19, 2006 from Cape Canaveral to
Investigate the "dwarf planet" Pluto and its 3 satellites.
He left the
Earth with a speed of 5700 km / h.
The probe took advantage
the gravitational pull as it passes through Jupiter, thus approaching 2'305,000 km
distance and reaching a speed of 76,288 km / h on February 28, 2007
finalizing its gravitational pull stage on March 5, but the maximum
speed at its closest approach was 83,700km / h
The more
The slower probe is progressing, since the Gravity of the Sun is going
braking
On 14
July 2015 will reach Pluto it will fly over 49,302 km / h and its satellites to
49,932 km / h.
The Earth: To what
speed we move?
Our
Planet is continually being attracted to the Sun and between that push and its
linear speed make it stay in orbit.
The earth
orbit around the Sun at an average speed of 107,208
km / h.
Asteroid
2008 HJ: The fastest rotation of the Solar System.
The Asteroid
2008 HJ was discovered in 2008 by an amateur astronomer.
Has a
approximate mass of 5,000 t and rotated every 42.7 s with a speed of 162,000
km / h in its rotation.
Mercury: The
fastest planet in the Solar System.
Being the
planet closest to the Sun, must move at higher speeds than
any other planet, in fact, is the fastest planet in the Solar System.
Your speed
average is 172,340 km / h.
The probe
Pioneer 11 was launched on April 5, 1973 from Cape Canaveral.
Made a
overflight the giant planet Jupiter, taking pictures of the big red spot,
made the first observations of the polar areas and determined the mass of the
Calisto satellite.
On day 4 of
December of 1974 got a gravitational tug of Jupiter and reached 173,000
km / h.
After
He went on to study Saturn.
The probe
Galileo of NASA was launched to Jupiter on October 18, 1989.
The probe
penetrated the atmosphere of Jupiter on December 7, 1995, submerging 200 km
inside the atmosphere until being destroyed due to high pressures
and temperatures. However, it compiled important data on chemical composition and
Meteorological activity of Jupiter.
Your speed
at the time of entering the atmosphere of Jupiter it was 173,770
km / h.
Voyager 1: In the
confines of the Solar System.
It was released
on September 5, 1977 to study Jupiter and Saturn.
On 17
February 1998 became the farthest object made by man.
On 18
December 2004 came to the shock zone where the Solar wind is facing
interstellar wind of the Milky Way.
On 13
December 2010, it was verified that the interaction of the solar wind with the
Voyager 1 was null, certifying that the probe really came out of the System
Solar.
On 29
May 2011 was at 116.3935 ua of the Earth, being 17,459'025,000 km
away.
Despite
New horizons was launched from Earth at a higher speed, Voyager 1 is much
faster than her due to assisted gravitational pulls, being her
current speed of 61,400 km / h.
Helios probes:
Faster.
The probes
helios were made to study the influence of the Sun on the environment
interplanetary. It was a joint project of the United States and the Republic
German Federal
Helios A was
launched on December 10, 1974 and Helios B on January 15, 1976.
Because of his
great eccentricity of the orbits in the aphelion reach almost 1 ua and the perihelion
.3 ua, less than the distance between Mercury and the Sun.
Are the
faster objects built by man, his great speed was thanks to
the gravitational influence of the Sun due to its closeness in the orbit in the
perihelion.
On 17
April of 1976 got the record as the objects built by man
closer to the Sun at 43'432,000 km.
The probes
reached speeds of 252,792 km / h.
In 1981
lost contact with Helios B and in 1986 with Helios A.
The Solar System: Super-fast.
Like
the satellites revolve around the planets and the planets around the Sun,
the Solar System also rotates, it does it through the Milky Way over the
big super-massive hole with name "Sagittarius
A * "that is the center of the Galaxy.
The system
Solar takes a round the galaxy every 226 million years to a
speed of 781,974 km / h.
The Milky Way: A
irremediable shock at great speed.
Our
galaxy the Milky Way also takes a direction and will inevitably collide,
it is the clash between the 2 largest galaxies of the Local Group; route
Milky and Andromeda. Both galaxies are approaching each other and it is foreseen
that in 3,000'000,000 years will be merged. Currently the Milky Way and
Andromeda move toward each other at an approximate speed of 1'080,000
km / h.
The Local Group: Attracted
quickly.
The Local Group
is a group of 42 galaxies formed by 3 Systems; the first is the System
Andromeda with 12 main galaxies, the second the Milky Way System with 14 galaxies
principal and the third the System of
Triangle with 2 main galaxies.
The group
Local quickly goes to the structure called "The Great Attractor"
which moves at a speed of 2'160,000 km / h.
HE
0437-5439: Super-fast star.
The star
called "HE 0437-5439 "was discovered in 2005 by
the Kueyen telescope, is located in the southern direction of Dorado to 200,000
light years of the Solar System, in the galactic halo.
It's a really fast star, its speed is 2,602,800 km / h, to that
speed will escape the gravitational attraction of the galaxy.
Its great speed is due to the fact that being in a system
binary, his companion star and this, they approached a black hole, but the
first fell on him and the second (HE 0437-5439), it was issued thanks to
gravitational pull of the black hole (as well as space probes with
Jupiter). What is disconcerting is that due to its small age (30 million years),
the star could not have been issued from "Sagittarius A *" (the black hole
of our galaxy), the only possibility would be that it should be issued
gravitationally from a still undiscovered black hole of the neighboring galaxy "Great
Cloud of Magellan "
RX
J0822-4300: Hyper-fast star.
The star "RX J0822-4300" also referred to as "cannon
cosmic "is a neutron star that is currently moving away from the remnant of
the supernova "Puppis A", the astronomers used the Chandra X-ray observatory
from NASA for 5 years to determine its speed.
It is one of the fastest stars ever found, it has a
speed of 5'400,000 km / h or what
it is the same .5% of the speed of light (c).
The Pulsares:
Unimaginable speed.
The Pulsares
they are neutron stars that emit periodic radiation. The pulsars have
an intense magnetic field of more than 100'000,000 teslas (1 billion Gauss).
Due to the
large magnetic field pulsars turn very fast, in fact they do several hundred
of times per second, causing enormous centrifugal force. If I had not
that very powerful magnetic field the star would fall apart.
Speed
The rotation of the pulsars have been measured up to 252'000'000
km / h or what is the same 23.33% of the
speed of light (c).
The Jets: The
Ultra-fast galactic jets.
A Jet is
jet of ejected matter. They are generally associated with discs
of accretion, both in star formation, where the jet is formed by matter with
excess angular momentum that is not incorporated into the star that
It is forming, as in black holes that suck matter.
Between the
Slower Jets is the SS433, which is a stellar system made up of 2
stars, the main one is probably a black hole or a star of
neutrons, on the other hand its companion star is a microquasar. The speed with
which SS433 expels its Jet of matter is 936,000,000 km / h or whatever it is
same 26% of the speed of light (c).
But between
the fastest existing ones reach 1,078'920,000 km / h.
Great Collider
of Hadrons (LHC):
It is a great
accelerator and particle collider located near Geneva whose
The borders cover Switzerland and France. This machine is so huge that
officially by the "Guinness World Records" is the largest machine in the
world.
The LHC is
an engineering feat and a great tool for astrophysicists and physicists
quantum
The LHC
built for various scientific purposes in which the impacts of
subatomic particles almost at the speed of light, between these studies
are: having already done antimatter, knowing if there are particles
supersymmetric, if there is the Higgs boson (also called the particle of
god), why is there more matter than antimatter, studying the dimensions of
M theory, dark matter, dark energy, black micro holes,
why the weakness of the force of gravity compared to the other 3
fundamental forces, detect elementary particles, recreate the conditions
following after the creation of the universe.
The
particles are sent in opposite directions by accelerating them until in a
point of the large oval structure collide. Speeds already reached
are in the order of 1,079'892,000 km / h or what is the same 99.99% of the speed of light (c).
Between one of
his most outstanding experiments is to have created the densest matter in the Universe
below the black holes, his name is Plasma Quark-Gluon which is
so dense that in 1 cm3 fit 40''000,000'000,000 tons of
dough.
Another experiment
remarkable was in 2010 with the creation and capture of 38 antimatter atoms,
being these antihydrogen, using 10 million antiprotons and even more
positrons.
The Speed of the
Light (c): Unalterable.
It is also
known as Einstein's constant is the highest speed that something moves
through the Universe, more precisely are the electromagnetic waves.
Speed
of light is the speed of electromagnetic waves through a space
empty. It is a constant, therefore it is not relative, it does not change, that is, it is
invariable for 2 different observers.
Nothing with
mass can reach the speed of light, much less overcome it, it is not
technology issue, it's a matter of physics. It would take an energy
infinite also the mass increases.
Speed
of light (c) is written simplified as 1,080,000,000 km / h or that is the same
say 300,000 km / s, but its true value is 1,079'252,848.8 km / h or what is the same thing say 299,792,458 km / s
Metric Expansion
of Space: The fastest.
The
relativity imposes that there is a speed limit with which an object
can move through space, which is the speed of light (c), but
that limit does not affect the speed of space expansion, since what
happens is that space expands, does not move, it is not an object, but
which is the same space which is not subject to the limit of c.
In the zones
close to thousands of nearby galaxies, the expansion of the Universe
does not have the effect of being faster than c, the expansion of the Universe is only
go in areas very far from us as is the traveling distance (46,500
millions of light years from Earth, is the maximum distance that is possible for us
observe in the Universe, in other words our visual limit of the Universe,
forming a perfect sphere with the Earth center), which according to the Law
of Hubble the recession velocity of galaxies is of 3,578,400,000
km / h, faster than
speed of light (3.3133 c or 331.33% c) or what is the same 994,000 km / s.
It is for this
reason that the distance is becoming increasingly smaller and for more good
telescopes that are manufactured we will never see more than we currently see (in
terms of distance), each time we will see the galaxies further away.
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