Mars

Mars https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOvy6Lmr5R28EFwxY_pUQjbi4qQ89eevLD1KatZ9sxQo8PWoLh9dVxrP1_I1H6jAZzLOHTK_nONr-hjzu3zBROUGw_-4U0Byg23eR-5Q4BwCj-kFIe7nv2vocCHqHvO_bsiWTpTlIDwI4/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/Marte.jpg

Mars











It is the fourth planet of the Solar System, also known as the

Red Planet and is also the most famous planet in the Solar System for the

humanity.








Its nature is rocky, there is an abundance of iron oxide and silicon in

its surface.





Its atmosphere is very dim, so much so that the atmospheric pressure

is one hundredth that the terrestrial one, being its main component the COtwo

with 95.3% abundance, the second most abundant is nitrogen with 2.7%,

which on Earth is the most abundant with 78%. The ozone layer of Mars

is 1,000 times smaller than on Earth,

which allows the passage of ultraviolet radiation, in addition its magnetic field

It is very weak, as much as 2,000 times smaller than that of Earth.








Mars being a small planet, smaller in mass and density than

Earth, its gravity is lower, being that if a man on Earth weighs

80 kg, on Mars it would pass 30 kg, 2.6 times less.








The surface of Mars is full of impact craters,

caused by asteroids that could penetrate the atmosphere, becoming

called meteors and when they hit the surface they are called meteorites.








It also has abundant canals and canyons, which are sample

of the presence of some liquid on its surface many millions of years ago.







































































 

 
   
 MARS
 



 
   
Dough         

      
 
   
   

      




6.4285 × 1024

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      kg

       

      
  
      
 
   
 

      Diameter (equatorial) 

       

      
 
   
   

      




6,794.4

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      km

       

      
  
      
 
   
 

      Density
 
   
   

      




3.93

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      g / cm3

       

      
  
      
 
   
 

      Distance from the Sun
 
   
   

      




227'940,000

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      km

       

      
  
      
 
   
Orbital velocity
 
   
   

      




86,680

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      Km / h

       

      
  
      
 
   
Medium temperature)
 
   
   

      




- 46

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      ° C

       

      
  
      
 
   
Orbital period
 
   
   

      




1.03

 

       

      
 
   
years      

      
  
      
 
   
Period of rotation
 
   
   

      




243

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      days

       

      
  
      
 
   
Gravity
 
   
   

      




3.711

 

       

      
 
   
 

       

      m / stwo

       

      
  
      
 
   
Satellites
 
   
   

      




two































 

 
   
 SPACE MISSIONS TO MARS


(Complete list)
 



 
   


 
   
   

      






It includes the missions of the past, present and future, failures and successes, in addition to the projects of manned missions.



It is in chronological order, includes release date, observations, space agency and country where the mission belongs.



 

       

      
 
   
      










In Roman mythology Mars was the god of war, son of Jupiter

and of Juno, had 2 children with Venus: Fugue

and Timor (Deimos and Phobos for the Greeks).



The god Mars gave name to the planet known with the same

name, as well as the third day of the week on Tuesday and the third month of the

year of March





In 1669 Cristiaan Huygens made the first observations of the

dark faces of Mars and was one of the first to detect the caps

polar.





In 1666 G. Cassini calculated the rotation of the Planet in 24 hours and

40 minutes. In 1672 he deduced the existence of an atmosphere.









In 1837 astronomers german

Beer and Mädler published their first world map of Mars and then did the

British Dawes in 1852.





In 1877 when Mars and Earth were

very close A. Hall discovered the satellites Phobos and Deimos, while the Italian

G.  Schiaparelli dedicated himself to mapping Mars, conserving himself today

the same names given to different places on Mars, among them the

fine lines of its surface baptized with the name of "canals" and bad

translated into channels, creating a speculation about the existence of water

liquid on Mars and channels for irrigation of an agricultural civilization,

Martians











Seeing liquid water on Mars is an anomaly, usually

found in gaseous state (water vapor) or solid state (water ice) in the

perpetual polar caps, is also concentrated within the stones in

very hydrated form of iron oxide, in addition to very probably water rivers

liquid in the subsoil.





Mars having a weak magnetic field caused a large part

of its atmosphere disappeared, and consequently its atmospheric pressure decreased

notably, which has caused not having liquid water and not being able to observe rivers

of water flowing through the surface of Mars, which was previously

usual on the Red Planet.






















Strictly no signs of life on Mars have been found,

but there is great hope in doing so, and it is very possible that

find in future missions.





What intrigues scientists was that in 2003 it was found

traces of methane gas, but because of the strong radiation and conditions

Atmospheric Mars makes any hint of methane disappear by its

instability under these circumstances, on November 25, 2011 will be launched

the Mars Science Laboratory mission, which with its mass spectrometer

will differentiate carbon-14 (14C) with carbon-12 (12C),

this will determine if the methane detected on Mars is of biological origin

or geological, producing a minimum of 150 tons of methane each year (CH4).











The rock with the name of ALH84001 (Allan Hills 84001), is a meteorite

of Martian origin that created great controversy due to the discovery of

indications that suggest the possible existence of unicellular life on the Planet

Red.





The ALH84001 was formed on Mars 4,500 million years ago,

filtering 3,600 million years ago water rich in carbon dioxide in its

inside. 16 million years ago Mars was hit by a meteorite from

large size that caused the ALH84001 to leave the Martian atmosphere and

directed to Earth, where he finally arrived 13,000 years ago in the

Antarctica.





Studies show that there is no doubt that its origin is

Martian, like 56 more meteorites found on Earth the same

origin.



On August 7, 1996, NASA announced that a possible primitive

The microscopic way of life may have existed more than 3,000 million years ago.

And although there are arguments for and against, the controversy continues for a

possible contamination to the sample already on Earth.











At the end of the third decade of the 20th century, millions of people

were terrified by the "obvious" invasion of the Martians to the

Land.



The CBS radio station broadcast radio dramas, which were said

by an expert narrator, who added his touch of suspense and terror.





On October 30, 1938 the novel was broadcast on the radio

science fiction "The War of the Worlds" by the famous writer H. G. Wells as

an episode of Halloween.



The radio novel was told by Orson Welles, who infused

a realistic touch with his expert narrative, which tried to make

Martians came to Earth and began to invade humanity. With everything

this created a state of panic among some people who really thought that

were being attacked by the Martians, believing that what they were listening to

it was a narrative of a novel, but a real broadcast of news. There were thousands

of calls from terrified people for what they thought was the end of the world.





Later people asked for an explanation and Orson Welles

requested an apology to the listeners, although at the beginning of the

transmission as well as in the 40th minute with 30 seconds it was announced that the story

It was a dramatization of the work, but those who did not hear that fell into

panic.











In 1976 NASA's Viking orbital probe photographed what

It seemed to be a human face carved in stone, which suggested that a

Marcian civilization built that "building".





In the FALSE theory of "the ancient astronauts" it is said that the

Pyramids of Egypt and the Sphinx were built with the help of aliens

advanced, just like at some point the Martians did with the

human face on Mars and that subsequently went extinct leaving only that

monument and some other rocks placed with "symmetry". 





All this obviously lacks scientific character, which

you really see it is nothing but the coincidence of what appears to be a face

between a game of shadows casually projected at the moment in which the

He photographed them. Subsequently, more shots of the same place were made with

different angles confirming the falsity of the theory.









Of the

same way, there is an image with another set of shadows in which apparently

you see a being of the hominidae genus walking on the Martian surface,

it is but a sample of pereidolia.















Manned trips

loving You.







Manned trips to Mars is something that many people believe that

It's simple, putting pressure on NASA and other space agencies, plus

denominating them as inefficient and / or false, claiming that after more than 40

years of reaching the moon it has not been possible to reach Mars, among them

are the followers of the "Conspiracy Theory of Travel of the

Man to the Moon " (See article in AstroCiencia to"Trip

from Man to the Moon: THE TRUTH (Conspiracy or fact?) ").





But the truth is that despite the

great technological improvement since that epic trip to the Moon, face new

challenges, among them the most worrisome is the high radiation to the human body in

an interplanetary journey, which has many symptoms including hemorrhages,

cancers and death, everything depends on the amount of radiation absorbed by the

human body, which can be diminished in a small proportion with chemicals

injected or avoid it with a large lead shield several meters thick

of the ship. Being evident the impossibility of taking such a ship to space

until the space elevator is finished (See article in AstroCiencia to"Elevator

Space: Possible? ").









In addition to the radiation they have

to do more detailed studies of the surface and atmosphere of Mars for

can create a habitat, you also have to develop new technologies

that today make it impossible for us to reach Mars.





Today, NASA, ESA, the

POCKOCMOC, JAXA and CSA, among other space agencies, are preparing

the ground for a successful mission to take a man to Mars and bring him from

return to Earth alive and well; have created new spacecraft, new

launch rockets, technologies for obtaining water from the

rocks, materials in different areas including improvements in costumes

space, long-term food, the International Space Station (ISS) (with

more than 100 billion dollars) that has provided thousands of experiments preparing us

for Mars, habitats have also been created with people isolated from the world

exterior for one year, architectural designs, logistics studies and

engineering, new engines and more. They are literally tens of thousands of

projects that during the last decades have been leading the trip

from man to Mars, and even then in 2011 we fell short.









Although it is said that man

will arrive to Mars in 2031, that date is far from being realistic, frankly

speaking, you have to create all the necessary infrastructure; first create

an enduring habitat on the Moon, then the Martian Space Station, then

the ship that takes the astronauts to Mars, a lander,

infrastructure for a safe habitat on Mars for months (it would be built

only by qualified robots before the arrival to Mars, which would lead

more time to create that kind of robots), a launch vehicle from Mars,

ship from Mars to Earth, capsule of re-entry to Earth, in addition to challenges

political and above all economic.





If the optimal conditions are given

to accelerate this project, the man would be arriving to Mars by the year 2055

(being optimistic), but maybe it's a bit late, possibly for the centenary

of man's arrival on the Moon in 2069, but all this really does

invest in space matter, otherwise, it would not be until the year 2100 or more

that we would see the first man perch on the Martian surface and see it

return to Earth safe and sound.









This is not pessimism, it's a

reality; which is disguised by the "high technology" that is said today in

day we have (that being frank our technology is in diapers and in agreement

to the classification of the technology of a civilization, we, humanity,

we are a civilization of type "0" (zero), the least developed) added to that

are already more than 40 years of arrival at

Mars (analogously, it is recorded that the boats were created recently

more than 100 thousand years ago, but it was not until the fifteenth century that man "discovered

America "(in quotation marks because there were already men in America)). So we do not

we believe of others who say that soon we will reach Mars without first seeing the

reality, the truth of the situation is that it's been several decades before this

happen (we lack more development, our technology is insufficient to reach

to Mars in the next 40 years), and so, continue with the conquest of space,

Mars and beyond.

















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