Indonesia Crash Probe Zeros In on defective flight control equipment
Indonesia Crash Probe Zeros In on defective flight control equipment
Indonesian researchers said on Wednesday that a malfunctioning flight control system provided widely divergent readings to the pilot and co-pilot during the second and last flight of the Lion Air plane. he collapsed in the sea last week.
If the pilots of the cockpit do not respond adequately to such conflicting data, the automated safety protections in a Boeing Co. The 737 Max 8 model can place the aircraft in a steep dive, according to safety experts and an alert issued by the aircraft manufacturer.
In extreme cases, according to security experts, such automated commands can overwhelm the manual entries of pilots who could maintain a safe flight.
Researchers are trying to determine if that sequence of events contributed to the disaster.
In response to the accident,
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On Tuesday night he issued a new bulletin on how pilots should react when they suspect that the aircraft's security systems are receiving erroneous information from certain sensors.
The Federal Aviation Administration of the USA. UU He issued a mandatory emergency directive on Wednesday that points out the potential danger to security.
He noted that the flight control system could result in pilots in the cockpit experiencing "difficulties in controlling the aircraft" and, in extreme cases, even causing an accident.
The airlines are required to incorporate more specific operational instructions in the flight manuals for the 737 MAX 8 and Max 9 variants within three days. That would help pilots counteract such dangers when they find confusing or inaccurate information about air speed and trajectory.
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The Boeing warning equates to an official warning for pilots, highlighting the potential dangers of the interaction of certain programs with other cabin alerts.
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The board generally tracks the information contained in Boeing's voluntary security bulletin, but it seems somewhat more detailed.
The Boeing newsletter and the revelation of the Indonesian researchers were the first public indications that the investigators observe a problem of suspicious software, possibly combined with a misinterpretation on the part of the pilots, related to an essential system that measures the "angle of attack" "Of an airplane or how high or low the nose of an airplane is pointed.
The company's alert does not require the replacement or inspection of any specific on-board system. But it does serve to remind pilots of the threats that may arise when they suspect that certain sensors do not work properly.
In such cases, the Boeing Bulletin emphasizes that adequate procedures include disabling certain automatic protections. Those safeguards can have the unintended consequence of pushing the nose of the plane down, even if the pilots act repeatedly to raise it with manual controls. Those automated commands can be so extreme that they make the plane reach "its nose limit down," according to Boeing's message.
The Indonesian investigation has not determined that such a scenario has caused the fall of Flight 610 of Lion Air, which rushed into the Java Sea at a steep angle and at high speed last week, killing all 189 on board. There will be months of more data analysis and recreations of the event's flight simulator before the final conclusions are published.
But the researchers' latest statements, combined with the Boeing newsletter, offer a better insight into the challenges pilots face as they struggle to control the plane. It is not clear if the regulators or Boeing intend to take more safety measures in response to the crash.
The broad range of the probe is also investigating the aircraft's software design, Lion Air's pilot training requirements and the airline's maintenance practices, according to people familiar with the subject.
The accident is the first major accident involving a Boeing 737 Max 8, the latest variant of its popular 737, which generates a scrutiny on the new model. The plane that crashed was delivered in August to Lion Air, one of the largest low cost airlines in Asia. Boeing is participating in the accident investigation, along with US safety experts. UU
Indonesian researchers have said that the last four flights of the Lion Air aircraft, all experienced problems with the air speed indicator. On Wednesday, they said that after the first two of those flights, the technicians chose to change an angle of attack sensor. The two systems are related, although the aircraft cabin does not have a dedicated angle of attack display.
But such measures influence the calculation of the aerodynamic speed of utmost importance. Then, the speed values are transmitted to both the pilot and the co-pilot on separate indicators in the cockpit, and disagreements in the readings will likely result in additional warnings and precautions for the cockpit.
After replacing the sensor, the jet was released for its second flight. The researchers, citing information obtained from the flight data recorder recovered from the plane, said that the airspeed attack angle entries for the pilot and co-pilot differed by 20 degrees during that flight.
The problem of divergent airspeed indications was identified by the crew, who made adjustments on the flight and was able to continue to Jakarta and requested a priority landing. The pilots flew manually for about an hour and 45 minutes, according to a person familiar with the matter, which is very unusual for a modern passenger plane.
Air safety and FAA experts have not identified a previous pattern of similar software problems in the Boeing 737 Max 8 fleet, according to the US government. UU And external security experts familiar with the details.
According to the preliminary information compiled by the investigation, during the last plane trip, the crew returned to manual flight after experiencing unreliable airspeed indications shortly after Jakarta's take off in good weather. Minutes after the crew communicated the situation to air traffic controllers and gradually gained altitude as part of an apparent effort to solve the problem, the twin-engine plane sank into the water at a steep, high-speed angle.
-Robert Wall, I made Senata and Andrew Tangel contributed to this article.
The deadly crash of a Lion Air Boeing 737 aircraft in Indonesia is one of the worst aviation catastrophes of 2018. The WSJ discusses some of the big questions that arose as researchers try to determine the cause of the accident. Photo: AP Images
Write to Andy Pasztor in andy.pasztor@wsj.com and Ben Otto in ben.otto@wsj.com
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