Chinese plans to send a human being to the Moon

Chinese plans to send a human being to the Moon https://danielmarin.naukas.com/files/2018/11/Captura-de-pantalla-229-1.png

The Chinese plans to carry manned missions to the Moon are a constant rumor for more than a decade, but the fact is that officially the intentions of the Asian giant in this field are contradictory and very vague. But this may be changing. At the recent Zhuhai aerospace exhibition, we were able to see more details about China's lunar intentions, although first we must remember that the official plans for manned space flights go through the 60-ton permanent space station that will be completed from 2022. The station - nicknamed "the Chinese Mir" - will be permanently inhabited for at least a decade by three to six astronauts who will travel aboard Shenzhou ships and receive a visit from Tianzhou freighters.

The new Chinese manned ship in its 14 ton version for missions to LEO.

And this is where the next generation manned spacecraft appears (or, in Mandarin, 新一代 载人 飞船). In 2016 China launched a scale model of this ship in the first flight of the Long March rocket CZ-7 and, recently, the authorities announced that next year will make the first flight, although without crew. This mission will use a Long March rocket CZ-5B, the same in charge of launching the three main modules of the Chinese space station. The new generation ship will come in two versions, one of 14 tons destined to flights to low orbit and the other of 20 tons for lunar missions or beyond Earth's orbit. In the exhibition of Zhuhai we have been able to see new images of this ship, although there are still not many technical details available.

The two versions of the future Chinese manned ship. Above, that of 14 tons for flights to LEO and below that of 20 tons for lunar missions (Wanyzhh / https: //newsflash.one).

The 14-ton version for missions to LEO.

The new ship will also be coupled with the Chinese space station (Wanyzhh).

As we already knew, the ship will have two modules, a conical capsule of traditional type with a design similar to the ships Apollo or Federatsia -which distances itself from the bell shape of the capsule of the Shenzhou- and a service module with two panels solar Apparently, the capsule is smaller than the American Orion or Russian Federatsia and is more like the Dragon 2 of SpaceX, although it will use a conventional escape system in the form of an escape tower like Shenzhou. The capsule will carry in the frontal part an androgynous coupling system derived from the Russian APAS, like the Shenzhou and Tianzhou ships. The service module will come in two variants - obviously the lunar version of 20 tons is longer - and will have four engines.

Size of the new Chinese manned ship compared with other vehicles (Wanyzhh).

Launch of the ship using a CZ-7.

Separation of the capsule.

In principle the 14-tonne version will be launched by the Long March CZ-7 and the 20-ton with the CZ-5B, but China is developing the giant launcher CZ-9, which is due to debut in 2028, two years ahead of schedule. The Long March CZ-9 will have 93 meters of height, a diameter of 10 meters and its launch mass will be 4,000 tons. One of his first missions will be to launch the Mars sample return probe. The overall design of the giant has not changed and will come in three versions, one with four accelerators and capacity to place 140 tons in low orbit, another with two accelerators and a capacity of around 100 tons and one without accelerators that will be able to place 50 tons approximately. According to the preliminary plans, it was assumed that the manned missions to the Moon would follow the following scheme: first a CZ-9 would be launched with the lunar module and the translunar stage and then a CZ-5B with the new generation ship in a 20 version. tons that would be coupled with the set in low orbit before leaving for the Moon. The first mission to the Moon would not take place before 2030.

New rockets (on the right) that will be used to launch the new manned spacecraft. The maximum capacity in LEO of the new vehicles will be 70 tons.

Another view of the new rocket (CASC).

However, in recent months China has announced that it will use a new launcher, which for now has not received any name, to put into orbit the new generation ship. This future launcher will have a height of 90 meters, a mass of 2,000 tons at launch and a central block with a diameter of five meters, that is, similar to the CZ-5, but with twice the height. This new rocket will come in two versions and may incorporate technologies that allow its reuse. A variant will be of two stages, with a first stage equipped with seven engines and a second with a single engine, while the other, heavier, will have three stages. This version will have two lateral blocks, so it will have a total of 21 engines that will ignite the launch. The benefits of this new launcher are not very clear, but it is assumed that the version with two accelerators will be able to place 70 tons in low orbit and 25 tons to the Moon. That is, it will be able to send a new generation manned vessel to our satellite without the need for low-orbit couplings and without having to use the CZ-9.

Chinese lunar plans using the new rocket and the new manned ship (Wanyzhh).

This new launcher, which technologically represents an intermediate step between the current CZ-5 and the ambitious CZ-9, opens up new possibilities when carrying out lunar missions. With the new China launcher, you can send the new generation ship to our satellite without additional launches. The new rocket will make it possible to carry out missions to the lunar orbit before the gigantic CZ-9 is ready, and it is even possible to perform missions to the surface through several launches, which is a very robust "Plan B" the CZ-9 is canceled or suffers delays. The new plans, which we do not know to what extent they have official support or are simple powerpoint, include the creation of a station in lunar orbit before or at the same time as surface missions. Yes, as you hear it: nothing more and nothing less than a Chinese copy of NASA's lunar Gateway station. As always, the key is to know to what extent the Chinese political leadership supports a manned lunar program. But what is clear is that the Chinese manned plans at the end of the next decade go through the Moon. At least by its orbit.

[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCLMdP38yG4?feature=oembed&w=500&h=281]

[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l117JFoEOGI?feature=oembed&w=500&h=281]

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