Artificial stimulation of ovules can improve embryo quality and reduce spontaneous abortions

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Artificial stimulation of ovules can improve embryo quality and reduce spontaneous abortions





Artificial stimulation of ovules can improve embryo quality and reduce spontaneous abortions


Artificial stimulation of oocyte activation in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments not only favors fertilization, but also produces late beneficial effects that affect the development of embryos, improves the rhythm of their cell divisions and increases nesting capacity in the uterus and its subsequent development, decreasing the frequency of spontaneous abortions.



In the 90s the technique of Direct Sperm Injection in the Cytoplasm of the Oocyte, ICSI, was developed and it was thought that the oocytes that reached to overcome the trauma of the injection and survived would be automatically fertilized. However, many injected oocytes were not fertilized despite carrying a sperm inside.



Even then, doctors Jan Tesarik and Carmen Mendoza demonstrated that the presence of failures in oocyte activation is responsible for the great majority of fertilization failures with the ICSI technique. The mere presence of a sperm with its genetic material inside the injected oocyte does not mean that fertilization will occur. The term "fertilization", apart from the introduction of paternal genetic information, also implies a series of chain reactions that initiate the cellular divisions necessary to transform the oocyte into an embryo capable of growing, implanting itself in the uterus and continuing its development until the birth of a child. This phase of fertilization is called "oocyte activation" and the Tesarik-Mendoza team developed different methods of artificial stimulation-calcium or mechanically-that can counteract failures in oocyte activation, reactivate the process and save the oocytes from the failure of fertilization.



Recently, a work published by Turkish researchers in the journal Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, has shown for the first time that artificial stimulation of oocyte activation not only helps achieve fertilization but also decreases the frequency of spontaneous abortions.







(Photo: MARGEN)



In 2002, a study by a group of French, Spanish and Italian researchers, led by Dr. Tesarik, current director of the MARGen Clinic of Granada, revealed the existence of late paternal effects on embryonic development (delays and irregularities of divisions). cellular, cellular fragmentation). These effects are observed after fertilization by the ICSI technique with sperm from some men with fertility problems and are not related to genetic abnormalities.



"Although we suspected the existence of abortive factors related to abnormalities of oocyte activation," says Dr. Jan Tesarik, "there was no direct evidence. The study of the Turkish researchers is the first to demonstrate that there are cases of imperfect activation that is sufficient to initiate embryonic development but insufficient to sustain it and favor the subsequent health of the embryos. From now on, we can use the technique of artificial stimulation of oocyte activation not only in cases of fertilization problems but also in those of irregularities of embryonic development after an apparently normal fertilization ".



Artificial stimulation of oocyte activation is absolutely necessary in some cases of sperm or oocyte abnormalities that impede the normal interaction (dialogue) between the molecules coming from the sperm that say "I am here" and the complementary molecules of the oocyte that respond " I see, "that is, they understand the message of the sperm, react appropriately and initiate embryonic development.



"We knew," concludes Dr. Tesarik, "several causes of spontaneous abortions, such as chromosomal abnormalities (from oocytes or sperm) and systemic diseases (diabetes, nephritis, celiac disease) or infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis, brucellosis, listeriosis) of the mother. Although we suspected the existence of abortive factors related to abnormalities of oocyte activation, there was no direct evidence. " (Source: MARGEN)

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