With concepts of quantum physics, we are already working on the computer of the future

With concepts of quantum physics, we are already working on the computer of the future https://i2.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Con-conceptos-de-física-cuántica-ya-se-trabaja-en-la-computadora-del-futuro.png?fit=260%2C40&ssl=1

With concepts of quantum physics, we are already working on the computer of the future







The specialists consider that in less than two decades the minimum size that will reach the elements of an electronic circuit will be proportional to that of an almost atomic scale. Researchers at the University work on the analysis and development of what some call "computers of the future".



At the beginning of the process of miniaturizing the integrated circuits of electronic devices, the path to a limit was paralleled. However, we are already working on the nanometer scale (one billionth of a meter) where we want to design new mechanisms that allow us to project what could be called the "computer of the future".



Teams of researchers around the world work in the initial phase of a quantum processor, whose operation will be based on physical laws at atomic scales, with a performance that aims to process a huge amount of data at a speed that is not possible today.



One of those many professionals who already think of some version of the quantum computer is Dr. Alejandro Ferron, member of the research group in Nanophysics of the Institute of Modeling and Technological Innovation (IMIT) (UNNE-CONICET) (Argentina).



Far, still, to have a prototype that allows to know the design, Ferron, when talking about this futuristic computer, prefers to focus on concepts that represent the base and structure of a project of this nature: the way in which the processing will be carried out, storage and reading of information.







(Photo: Argentina Investigates)



Raised theoretically - which shows the initial face of the project - Ferron works on proposing a design so that the information, which is currently processed in the form of bits in a classical computer, does so in quantum bits in the computer of the future.



A computer currently works by working, basically, with a binary digit system of 1 and 0. Both digits can be recorded on a magnetic disk, in succession. In this space the bit is materialized as a magnetic signal that is activated (1) or canceled (0).



"We are looking for ways to write those 1 and 0 in quantum systems, for which we must work with extremely small systems, at the nanoscale level, where classical mechanics is not enough to describe the phenomena that occur. Understanding the processes in those dimensions requires Quantum Mechanics. In these scales the energy levels are discretized, unlike what classical mechanics supposes, "explained Ferron.



"What is discussed in our papers is the possibility of saving these '0' and '1' at the discrete levels of the nanostructured devices. There are several experimental techniques that allow accessing, analyzing and modifying these discrete states. We try to find an efficient proposal for the manufacture of the device and also for the procedure of operation and transfer of information using various techniques "detailed Ferron.



In the quantum computer the bits will be replaced by qubits; the binary digit system will no longer be recorded on a disk, but will be exerted by superconducting rings, quantum dots, magnetic atoms or chains of magnetic atoms.



Ferron works in different lines of research with magnetic atoms, quantum dots and flow qubits.
With respect to research with magnetic atoms, one of the ideas proposed is to use the characteristics of these atoms (which behave as isolated spins when they are deposited on surfaces such as Magnesium Oxide), so that they work as qubits or quantum bits. The atoms that are currently used in the experiments are Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron among others.



The spin can be thought of as the intrinsic magnetic moment of the system or as an arrow that can point in different directions. In the case of a spin 1/2 like the electron, this arrow points in two possible directions. In the case of Iron with a spin 2, the arrow could point in 5 directions. The interesting thing is that this address can be easily controlled using magnetic fields. "Recently we have seen that it is also possible to manipulate the spin using electric fields. Therefore, it is natural to think of these systems as possible candidates for information storage, he says.



Ferron investigates this line in collaboration with theoretical groups from Spain and Portugal; and experimental groups from the United States, Holland and South Korea.



Experimental techniques developed in recent years allow designing structures depositing atom by atom (using the tunneling microscope). These structures give the researcher the possibility of studying different phenomena of great interest such as spin waves, ordering in chains, as well as analyzing the possibility of using these designs in technologies related to quantum information.



"As is to be expected, these variants involve manipulating the spin of the atom, and here we face some obstacles. First isolate the atoms and, on the other hand, check if several atoms with their spins manipulated retain the properties we want when they work in an associated way, "explained the researcher.



Although this is an initial phase of research that can be classified as a basic science, it is best understood by associating it with a possible application. The possibility of manipulating atoms and being able to control discrete states (spin) opens the possibility to develop devices that allow to have technologies related to quantum information, such as a quantum bit where "1" and "0" are different magnetic states of the nanostructured system. (Source: Argentina Investiga)

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