What causes nightmares? Here is why you may be prone to night terrors
What causes nightmares? Here is why you may be prone to night terrors
What causes nightmares?
Most people experience nightmares on occasion. According to the foundation of sleep health, only 2.5 to 10 percent of adults experience nightmares, but up to 90% of people with post-traumatic stress disorder have reported "disturbing dreams with some degree of similarity with the real traumatic event, "but what really causes nightmares?
They terrify us in the middle of the night with terrifying images that are vivid and feel very real, making our hearts beat and our bodies full of sweat. They force some to relive car accidents, house fires and other traumatic events, while others fight to avoid monsters or ghosts.
Suddenly, we woke up suddenly. Our bodies wobble forward and we breathe a sigh of relief as we realize that it was only a nightmare.
"Occasional nightmares are a normal part of dreams and can provide a valuable insight into our psychological and spiritual lives," Rubin Naiman, a psychologist and assistant clinical professor of medicine at the Center for Integrative Medicine at the University of Arizona, writes in document "Without dreams: silent epidemic of REM sleep loss".
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For others, night terrors are a chronic condition.
Trauma survivors, specifically those suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), are more likely to experience nightmares. In fact, while only 2.5 to 10 percent of adults experience nightmares, according to the Foundation for sleep health, up to 90 percent of people with post-traumatic stress disorder have reported "disturbing dreams with some degree of resemblance to the actual traumatic event" according to the report He is coauthor of Anne Germain, professor of psychiatry and director of the Sleep and Behavioral Neuroscience Center at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Separately, in a study cited by the National Center for PTSD, an agency of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. In the US, more than 50 percent of Vietnam War Veterans with PTSD said they experienced nightmares "quite often," while only 3 percent of civilians reported the same.
"If there is a traumatic event, these people are more likely to experience nightmares," Germain told Fox News, explaining that nightmares are thought to be the way the brain processes a negative experience in an attempt to diminish its emotional intensity. . But in some cases, for reasons that are still being investigated to a large extent, "the nightmare will remain, becoming the sleep pattern of the brain," he added.
"A PTSD nightmare feels like the awake world. Except that it is something really, really frightening what is happening, "Elizabeth Brico, who said she suffers from the condition as a result of domestic violence, he wrote in a blog post in May 2017.
"My nightmares tend to revolve around being strangled, suffocated or bringing my eyes to my head." The feeling is indistinguishable from a real assault. I feel like I can not breathe. I feel there is someone in bed with me, assaulting me. "When I wake up, my brain and my body still react to the nightmare as if it were real," he described.
Nightmares can also be associated with other psychiatric diagnoses, like depression or insomniaAccording to the Foundation for Sleep Health, they can affect children in a similar way, approximately 10 to 50 percent of which experience nightmares.
"What is stressful for a child is different from an adult," Germain noted, explaining that children's nightmares are usually caused by losing a pet or getting away from friends.
"Once people start paying attention to their dreams, a whole world opens up ... Dreams can be parallel to how people see their lives."
Others who suffer from sleep paralysis - a condition that may be benign or linked to other conditions, like narcolepsy - It is known that they experience horrible dream hallucinations while sleeping or waking up, According to the National Sleep Foundation.
"The dream experience is as compelling as being awake," Naiman told Fox News. "People with narcolepsy are among the most intense dreamers."
Then there are those who experience idiopathic nightmares, a type of nocturnal terror that does not occur for any tangible or known reason.
But when comparing the brains of idiopathic nightmare sufferers and those of the controls, Tore Nielsen, director of the Dreams and Nightmares Laboratory at Montreal's Sacred Heart Hospital, told Fox News in an email that he "noticed anomalies in his frontal lobes." ... in regions that act to put the 'brakes' on the excessive emotion that could be activated by the 'motor' of emotions centered on the amygdala, a part of the brain that helps us process emotions such as fear.
In Neilsen's other research, which is currently under review, the "severity of a person's nightmares (in a sample of 18 people prone to nightmare), according to the ranking of their own ratings of how much distress [nightmares] in general, it correlated negatively with blood flow (a measure of brain activity) in these frontal brain regions. "
In other words, the greater the anguish described by the person suffering the nightmare, the lower the blood flow in the frontal region of the brain.
Both post-traumatic and idiopathic nightmares can be affected by the lack of sleep your nightmares tend to cause, since falling asleep again after experiencing a frightening dream can be difficult. Lack of sleep has been linked to a variety of health problems, such as weight gain, high blood pressure, negative impacts on short and long term memory, mood swings, poor balance, among other side effects.
In extreme cases, frequent nightmares can "dramatically increase the risk of suicide," Naiman said.
A study of 2017, led by researchers from the University of Turku in Finland, echoed Neiman's sentiment, concluding that frequent nightmares increase the risk of suicide in both people with PTSD and those who do not. Another study of the same year. Nightmares discovered are also temporarily associated with a greater propensity to NSSI [nonsuicidal self-jury]", Also known as self-injury.
But there is good news: those who experience frequent nightmares, for idiopathic or post-traumatic reasons, can find relief.
Prazosin, a drug that was initially developed to treat high blood pressure, according to Germain, has been effective, especially for those who suffer From nightmares induced by post-traumatic stress disorder.
Another treatment, image test therapy, It has been a useful form of treatment that helps patients "replace" their negative dreams with more positive ones.
"Your brain learns to create these negative scenarios, but you can replace it with something that is more positive, that is not negative or disturbing," Germain said.
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By undergoing imaging therapy, patients learn to create a "new dream scenario" or essentially rewrite a recurring nightmare.
"[In most cases], they start sleeping through the night and they stop having nightmares. Some people start having dreams similar to nightmare, but that does not wake them up, "said Germain.
In general, dreams, including nightmares, continue to plague professionals, "being a real mystery to scientists and clinicians," said Daniel Barone, associate medical director of the Weill Cornell Center for Sleep Medicine.
"While there are theories about why we dream, no one knows for sure," he added.
And while they can be debilitating for some, nightmares can serve as an "internal healing process," Naiman noted.
"Once people start paying attention to their dreams, a whole world opens up, dreams can be related to the world in general, what is happening in the community, politically, socially and economically, dreams can be parallel to how people see their lives, "Naiman said.
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