Tuberculosis has adapted in different regions to become resistant to antibiotics
Tuberculosis has adapted in different regions to become resistant to antibiotics
Tuberculosis has adapted in different regions to become resistant to antibiotics
An international study in collaboration with researchers from the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Brazil), Conicet (Argentina) and the universities of Lisbon and Nova de Lisboa (Portugal) has shown that the migration of Europeans during the colonial period spread the most common tuberculosis strain Today, Lineage 4. The work, published in the journal 'Science Advances', also reveals that the resistance to antibiotics for this disease has evolved differently in different regions, which would indicate that it is not the result of human migration .
In humans, tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis' and mainly affects the lungs. There are seven known strains or strains of tuberculosis, and lineage 4 (L4) is the most widespread in the world. However, the information regarding the origin, spread and resistance to antibiotics of L4 is not complete.
To alleviate this lack, Ola B. Brynildsrud of the Public Health Institute in Oslo, Norway, and colleagues analyzed 1,669 L4 genomes (of which more than 600 had not been previously published) from 15 countries in Europe, Africa and America.
Summary of sampling and phylogeography of the L4 data set. (Photo: Brynildsrud et al., Sci. Adv. 2018; 4: eaat5869)
They discovered that the most recent common ancestor of L4 existed around 1096 AD and most likely originated in Europe (in a broad sense, including regions of western Asia and northern Africa). Human migration from Europe during the colonial period was the main driver of the dispersion of L4, according to the authors, with a first wave towards Southeast Asia from the thirteenth century and a second wave directed towards Africa from the fifteenth century.
This was followed by a third wave to the Americas transported by European settlers shortly after their arrival in 1492. A more detailed analysis of specific genes within the strains revealed two intriguing characteristics of this disease. First, the lldD2 gene, important for the replication of tuberculosis within host cells, has undergone a parallel evolution in different parts of the world, which began long before the era of antibiotics.
Second, classical mutations of antibiotic resistance appear to have recently arisen in multiple locations, but show only large-scale geographic movements. In contrast to what is commonly believed, this suggests that local parallel adaptation, rather than human migration, is an important factor behind the spread of resistance mutations. (Source: DICYT)
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