They show that the colorblind glasses of a US company are not effective

They show that the colorblind glasses of a US company are not effective https://i2.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Demuestran-que-las-gafas-para-daltónicos-de-una-compañía-estadounidense-no-son-eficaces.png?fit=260%2C40&ssl=1

They show that the colorblind glasses of a US company are not effective





They show that the colorblind glasses of a US company are not effective


The recent commercialization of the EnChroma® glasses has generated, thanks to the strong campaign in the media and social networks, a lot of expectation among the color blind, who hoped, using these glasses, to see new colors or even correct their colour blindness.



The North American company that manufactures them announced an improvement in the vision of the color for certain type of colorblinds, the denominated protán and deután, when extending its range of perceived colors without affecting the colors that already distinguish without glasses. In fact EnChroma®, on its website, says that its glasses "relieve red-green color blindness, improving the vision of colors" although they warn that "may not work" for a severe red-green color blindness.



As a claim, the company said on its website (at least until October 2017) that their glasses "are designed to improve the daily experience of color vision." Recently, however, this statement has been replaced by a more subtle phrase: "glasses are an optical device to help improve color discrimination in people with color blindness, but they are not a cure", adding that "the results vary according to the type and degree of color blindness of the user ".



In an article published in the journal Optics Express, one of the most relevant and with the highest impact in the field of optics, researchers at the University of Granada (UGR) (Spain) have disassembled the effectiveness of these glasses for color blindness, demonstrating that EnChroma® glasses do not make the color vision in color blind people more similar to that of subjects without color blindness.



In the investigation of the UGR, 48 color blind people participated, following a public appeal to which more than 200 volunteers showed up. Researchers have used, for the first time, two strategies to evaluate the efficiency of these glasses. The first consisted of evaluating the vision of the color blind with and without glasses through different tests that are usually used to assess the color vision: Ishihara test (recognition test) and Fansworth-Munsell test (ordination test). They have also added a test based on the X-Rite color chart that evaluates the subjective color nomenclature.







Researchers from the University of Granada responsible for the study. (Photo: UGR)



The second strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of these glasses was to simulate their effect, through the spectral transmittance of their lenses, in different simulated observers, which allowed to assess the changes they produce in the appearance of the colors.



As explained by one of the authors of this work, the professor of the Department of Optics of the UGR Luis Gómez Robledo, "the vision of humans is trichromatic thanks to three types of photoreceptors that we have in the retina, called cones. These cones are sensitive to short wavelengths (S), medium (M) and long (L). However, in Europe, around 8% of men and 0.5% of women suffer from some type of congenital anomaly in the functioning of some of these cones, which produces a deficiency in color vision. This anomaly is a recessive trait linked to sex, with the deficiency of red-green vision being the most frequent. " This deficiency in red-green vision is classified, in turn, into two types: protán and deután, depending on the type of cone affected. At the same time, another classification is based on the severity of the deficiency: protanomal or deuteranomal and protanope or deuteranope.



The study carried out in the UGR reveals that a colorblind person, when using the EnChroma® glasses, will not perceive new colors, but will perceive the colors in a different way.



"This makes possible that with these glasses some colorblinds can distinguish some colors that without glasses they confused, but to the detriment of others that now they will confuse and without glasses no. Although a color filter such as the one used in Enchroma® glasses can change the appearance of colors, it will never make the vision of color closer to the vision of a normal observer, "the authors point out.



The effect obtained when using the EnChroma® glasses does not differ from the one obtained when using specific glasses for certain activities (shooting, hunting, low vision, etc.) where the use of lenses with filters helps to better perceive certain colors thanks to a greater contrast with the environment.



On the other hand, during the experiments of this work, the participants were asked to subjectively evaluate the possible improvement when observing their environment with the glasses. None of the colorblinds reported any improvement in the colors of their surroundings when looking through the glasses, except for one participant with a very mild deuteranomaly.



The results show that the glasses used in this study have not revealed any improvement in the two types of color blindness tests: recognition and sorting tests. Therefore, these glasses can not help the color blind to overcome the professional detection tests, as the company warns on its website.



The group of researchers, all belonging to the Department of Optics of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Granada, is made up of doctors Luis Gómez Robledo, Eva Valero Benito, Rafael Huertas Roa, Miguel Angel Martínez Domingo and Javier Hernández Andrés. It is noteworthy to mention that one of them, Luis Gómez Robledo, is also color blind and develops his research in the field of color vision. (Source: UGR / DICYT)

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