They provide new clues about the distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way

They provide new clues about the distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way https://i0.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Aportan-nuevas-pistas-sobre-la-distribución-de-la-materia-oscura-en-la-Vía-Láctea.png?fit=260%2C40&ssl=1

They provide new clues about the distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way





They provide new clues about the distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way


In 1933 the Bulgarian physicist Fritz Zwicky was the first to suggest the existence of an invisible but fundamental component to understand the structure of the Universe and in particular the observations that came from the kinematics, that is to say the movement of the galaxies. The expert showed that measurements of the orbital velocity of galaxies that revolve around the center of immense galaxy clusters was ten times greater than that caused by the action of gravity on all known matter within its orbit, and proposed the answer to the question that this posed: dark matter.



The name given to it has to do with its main characteristic which is that of not generating any type of electromagnetic radiation, or in other words, not emitting light, which makes it impossible to register it directly and that can only be inferred from from the gravitational effect it has on celestial bodies that are observable.



Although at the beginning the international scientific community did not give credit to this postulate, the information gathered over almost a century gave an account not only of its existence, but also of its predominance: it is estimated that 85 percent of the matter contained in the Universe is dark matter. In this way, it was configured as one of the main challenges for modern astrophysics to, on the one hand, obtain direct evidence and, on the other, to clarify which was the elementary particle that gave rise to it and understand its distribution within galaxies. In this last way is a researcher from CONICET La Plata who has just published a work done in collaboration with Italian colleagues in which he proposes a new model to explain what happens in the Milky Way.







Mathematical model that discusses the paradigm of the existence of a central black hole. (Photo: Conicet)



"There is a consensus that dark matter has to be formed by a still unknown elementary particle that would have been born in the early Universe just after the Big Bang, and then grouped because of gravity in large agglomerations that are the antecedents of galaxies that we see today ", comments Carlos Argüelles, assistant researcher of the CONICET in the Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences of the National University of La Plata (FCAG, UNLP) and first author of the work.



"This problem has been tackled in a very good way over the last three decades based on numerical simulations made with super computers that put billions of particles to interact under their own gravity," Argüelles explains. "These models analyze the consecutive agglomeration of such massive elements as time passes to understand the formation of the different structures of the Universe, and have managed to give an accurate definition of how it is distributed both on a large scale, in clusters of galaxies, as well as in the external parts of these "



But according to the expert, this type of simulations have a limitation on the costs involved and their resolution: the minimum pixel is very large and only allows to describe exactly what happens at the outer edges of galaxies, but not in its center, on a smaller scale. In 2015, while doing postdoctoral studies in Italy, Argüelles began to work on an alternative model based on elementary particles called fermionics that combines concepts of quantum physics, general relativity and thermodynamics, which would solve this obstacle: the Ruffini-Argüelles scheme -Rave (RAR).



"It is a model that does not require large computers because we start from the assumption that the galactic system we are analyzing is already formed and in equilibrium, that is, we dispense with all its previous history. What we did was to put the fermions to interact in that scheme to analyze their behavior ", he describes.



Because of its restricted resolution, traditional numerical simulations are based on the assumption of the existence of a supermassive black hole - that is, a region of spacetime that contains a dense mass concentration of which no material particle, not even light, it can go out- in the center of the galaxies. For example, that of the Milky Way is called Sagittarius A *, because it is in the region known as the Sagittarius constellation, and it would be 26,000 light years from the Solar System with a mass 4 million times greater than that of the Sun.



"The scheme that we propose means a shift of that paradigm. On the one hand, it confirms what was already known about the distribution of dark matter in the outer zones of galaxies, in what is known as the halo, and reveals the nature and mass of the particles in terms of fermions. But, on the other hand, these fermions have a very dense concentration towards the galactic center, which makes it possible to dispense with the idea of ​​the existence of a black hole in that place ", he emphasizes.



To corroborate this, the experts contrasted the model with the dynamics of the stars that are closer to the center of the Milky Way and that have been monitored for more than a decade with large telescopes: "The orbit of these objects is consistent with the one generated by the gravity of that dense and compact nucleus without the need for a central black hole, as we proposed, "says Argüelles.



The alternative that the model proposes to the central black hole paradigm is its main contribution. "The Milky Way was the first test because it is the case with the most information. But the interesting thing is that not only applies to it but now we are doomed to other more distant galaxies and of different configuration to see how it correlates with the measurements ", closes. (Source: CONICET / DICYT)

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