They develop a model that calculates the consumption and polluting emissions of ships in real time
They develop a model that calculates the consumption and polluting emissions of ships in real time
They develop a model that calculates the consumption and polluting emissions of ships in real time
A team from the University of Cádiz (UCA) (Spain) has developed a model that calculates the energy consumption of a ship and the pollutant emissions released into the atmosphere. Until now, the methods were based on estimates and this new proposal is measured based on real data. In addition, you can know at the same time these parameters, which would warn of possible breakdowns if they deviate from the expected amounts. Its implementation will help to make visible the health problems caused by maritime transport.
Currently, specialists find out these references through the Automatic Identification System (AIS). When locating the position of a ship in two different situations during a period, for example, half an hour, its speed is established. From there the power is obtained and with some factors directly proportional to it, the energy it consumes and the gases it spews into the atmosphere are calculated.
This is the methodology that has been tackled so far to carry out global emission inventories. However, the researcher from the University of Cádiz Juan Moreno explains to the Fundación Descubre that this system poses many uncertainties, because being based only on the speed of the boat does not adjust to reality. The reason is that the load is not taken into account. This factor also affects your fuel expense and, therefore, the pollutants it generates. Aware of this situation, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) includes this parameter that in principle was ignored.
The work developed by the research group 'Energy efficiency in maritime transport' of the UCA goes a step further, introducing a series of variants that are adopted in other models. The work can be consulted in the article 'Comparative analysis between different methods for calculating on-board ship's emissions and energy based on operational data based', published in the journal Science of The Total Environment.
Team of the University of Cádiz that has participated in the study. From left to right, Emilio Pájaro, Fatima Calderay, Juan Moreno, Vanesa Duran, Antonio Lorenzo, Yolanda Amado, Juan Jose Moreno and Ruben Rodriguez. (Photo: Discover Foundation)
The proposal of the scientists of the UCA combines the variables of the four methods that have been used up to now (EPA, IMO, Jalkanen and MAN) and adds the advantage that the on-board operator will know, at all times, how much fuel is consuming and what harmful gases the boat is emitting in an exact way, with real data, not based on estimates.
The team led by Moreno will implement this system, for two years, in all maritime transport that transits through the province of Cádiz. Among other reasons, what is intended is to relate emissions with health problems that these may cause to citizens living near the coast.
The new model consists of controlling the energy consumed on board a ship and the gases it discharges, choosing the advantages and discarding the disadvantages of each of the four systems that have been used until now to measure the power. Specifically, it is based on establishing the speed according to the type of ship according to the 'MAN' model, together with some parameters that the IMO advises, such as the state of the sea. The experts of the UCA add meteorology and the peculiarity that the crew will know, in real time, both the expense and its emissions, for all possible situations: cruising, reduced speed, maneuvering and berthing.
One of the advantages of this system is that the shipowner can predict the consumption of fuel and the pollutants that the fleet will have for scheduled trips, knowing the cargo to be transported, the environmental and water conditions. If the previous calculation did not correspond to reality, possible failures in the engines would be deducted, which would also be considered a system for detecting abnormal situations, identifying that a fault or other problem could have occurred. In this sense, the UCA group will use it in all the inventories or studies of emissions that they carry out from now on.
Although there are shipping companies that already apply it, within a year, they all have to monitor their energy consumption. This study establishes a control system prior to monitoring and verifies if it is operating under optimal conditions or not. Juan Moreno indicates that nowadays it is known what is being spent but until now it was not known how much should be used. If the data do not coincide, it would be assessed if there are deviations and, therefore, problems in the operation of the vessel.
Among the novelties that this work contributes are the calculation of the tons of dangerous substances that a ship emits during a route, such as oxides of sulfur, nitrogen and particles. These data can be directly related to the number of hospitalizations and deaths that they produce. Lung and throat cancer, as well as cardiovascular risks, stand out as the main diseases they cause, very much in line with the ills that diesel vehicles are causing.
The study is part of a larger project together with researchers from the Faculty of Medicine of the UCA, funded by the Ministry of Health of the Junta de Andalucía, which will measure for two years the harmful effects for people of the emissions that Expel maritime transport on its journey through the waters of the province of Cádiz. (Source: Discover Foundation)
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