The latest naval weapon: merge an aircraft carrier and a submarine
The latest naval weapon: merge an aircraft carrier and a submarine
The success of combat UUVs depends, at least to some extent, on the development of communications technologies that allow human operators to keep in touch with drones, and on the drones themselves transmitting an accurate image of their space.
Imagine a future in which nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) can deploy submarine drones (UUVs) to hunt, and possibly kill, enemy submarines. The United States Navy, at least, is taking steps to make this a reality. What impact could this have? On the one hand, the UUV could shake the modern anti-submarine war (ASW) to its core, making existing platforms vulnerable or obsolete. On the other hand, the development of UUVs could reinforce existing hierarchies; In contrast to popular understanding, established organizations are often the best at adapting to disturbing military innovations. The future of the United States Navy depends to a large extent on which of these becomes a reality.
(This appeared for the first time several months ago.)
History
In a certain sense, drones launched from submarines have existed for quite some time; Even in World War II, the navies used pattern tracking or acoustic guidance to find their targets. Cable-guided torpedoes were introduced in the 1960s, which allowed the submarine a measure of control over how the weapon approached its target. These torpedoes are suicide drones in the same sense as the cruise missiles; Weapons that can be launched and then directed at their goal, either through autonomous mechanisms or through the user interface.
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Both the United States and the competing nations have enthusiastically pursued the potential of the UUV. The UUV can contribute to both the hunting and the killing of ASW, although the only firm plans to use them in the first one so far. Such drones offer Better opportunities to track and destroy diesel-electric submarines, even those that use air-independent propulsion technology (AIP). These vessels can operate more quietly than manned submarines and remain submerged for a longer period of time. Instead of hunting enemy submarines, they can simply wait until the prey reaches them.
China has reportedly experienced with "glider" drones, capable of remaining at specific depths without the need for propulsion. The United States has used such drones for years, and although at this time they lack much practical applicability in war conditions, they do offer a way to monitor and evaluate the underwater environment. China is also working on the integration of UUV in its submarine sensor network, creating a "Great Underwater Wall" able to detect and dissuade US subs. The United States has also done Work on autonomous surface vessels that I could perform The hunt, And potentially the murder, of enemy submarines. A prototype vessel joined the US Navy in January.
Mothership
The newest thought combines drones with torpedoes. The Navy of the United States expect to use small UUVs , capable of being launched from a torpedo tube, to create the same type of underwater space image that satellites, radars and unmanned aerial vehicles can create from the airspace. Using passive and active sonar, UUVs could deploy from an SSN and explore the area, trying to detect any threat to your mother ship. Once the existence of threats has been verified, the UUV could illuminate the target with active sonar (allowing the SSN to aim and destroy it with torpedoes), passively communicate the data to the mother ship, or potentially carry out a "suicide" attack. "against the objective themselves. In effect, UUVs have the potential to expand the lethal reach of an attack boat, as well as to address threats in their own area.
problems
The success of combat UUVs depends, at least to some extent, on the development of communications technologies that allow human operators to keep in touch with drones, and on the drones themselves transmitting an accurate image of their space. The nature of the water makes this more difficult at sea than in the air, but DARPA (and probably its Chinese and Russian counterparts) has begun to work. in improving the submarine Connectivity and transparency However, even the effort to communicate data to the mothership could reveal the location of the latter. Even more problematic, an unmanned aircraft using active sonar could accidentally fire the mother ship, leaving it open to attack.
The idea of the suicide UUV also has its problems. While the navies have been comfortable with the idea of orienting torpedoes that can close with a goal of their own, the more advanced drones that operate at greater distances from the mother ship may require more complex decision making parameters. This entails the same complications suffered by autonomous combat machines on land and in the air, with the additional communication difficulties posed by the submarine environment.
conclusion
In the ghost fleet of Peter Singer and August Cole, the United States Navy uses drones to kill Chinese submarines after losing most of its SSN fleet. Despair offers a strong motivation for innovation. With the advances in communications and artificial intelligence, it is not at all impossible to imagine scenarios in which the mothership of the SSN deploys a lethal force of murderous torpedoes, able to remain in the station for days (or more) while waiting for a victim . This requires a certain risk tolerance, of course; Even in the best conditions, operators sometimes lose control of their drones. But it also offers a way in which the great and powerful nuclear attack submarines of the United States Navy can claim the advantage that they may be losing against the small and silent AIP boats increasingly used by the navies of the world.
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