The largest proto-supercluster of galaxies is detected
The largest proto-supercluster of galaxies is detected
A team of astronomers led by Olga Cucciati of the National Institute of Astrophysics of Bologna (INAF), used the VIMOS instrument of ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) to identify a gigantic proto-supercluster of galaxies forming in the early universe, only 2300 millions of years after the Big Bang. The structure, which the researchers called Hyperion, is the most massive and largest that has been found in a stage of early universe formation. It is estimated that the mass of the proto-supercluster is more than a billion billion times the mass of the Sun. This colossal mass is similar to that of larger structures observed in the universe today, but the finding of such a massive object in the universe early surprised the astronomers.
"It is the first time that such a large structure has been identified at such a high redshift, only 2000 million years after the Bing Bang," said the lead author of the scientific article, Olga Cucciati. "Normally, this type of structure is known to have less redshift, that is, when the universe has had more time to evolve and build such huge objects. We were surprised to see something so evolved when the universe was relatively young! "
Located in the COSMOS field within the constellation Sextans (the Sextant), Hyperion was identified by analyzing a vast number of data obtained from the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey, led by Olivier Le Fèvre (Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES) . The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey provides unprecedented 3D mapping of the distribution of more than 10,000 galaxies.
Using the VIMOS instrument from ESO's Very Large Telescope, an international group of astronomers has discovered a colossal structure in the early universe. The proto-supercluster of galaxies, called Hyperion, has been revealed by new measurements and a complex study of archival data. It is the largest and most massive structure found so far, at such a distant time and distance: only 2,000 million years after the Bing Bang. (Credit: ESO / L. Calçada & Olga Cucciati et al.)
The team found that Hyperion has a highly complex structure and contains at least 7 high density regions connected by filaments of galaxies, and its size is comparable to other superclusters nearby, although its structure is very different.
"The superclusters closest to Earth tend to have a more concentrated mass distribution with clear structural features," explains Brian Lemaux, an astronomer at the University of California, Davis and LAM, a member of the team that achieved this result. "But in Hyperion, the mass is distributed more evenly in a series of connected spots, populated by conglomerates of scattered galaxies."
This contrast is probably due to the fact that nearby superclusters have had billions of years in which gravity has agglutinated mass forming denser regions, a process that has acted much less time in the case of the young Hyperion.
Given its size so early in the history of the universe, it is expected that Hyperion will evolve similarly to the immense structures of the local universe, such as the superclusters that make up the Great Sloan Wall or the Virgo supercluster that contains our own galaxy , the Milky Way. "Understanding Hyperion and how it compares with other similar structures recently can provide information about how the Universe developed in the past and how it will evolve in the future, and gives us the opportunity to challenge some models of supercluster formation," concludes Cucciati. "The discovery of this cosmic titan helps unveil the history of these mega-structures." (Source: ESO)
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