The IIAMA evaluates which measures are more effective to improve the ecological status of the Mar Menor
The IIAMA evaluates which measures are more effective to improve the ecological status of the Mar Menor
The IIAMA evaluates which measures are more effective to improve the ecological status of the Mar Menor
Reforesting the mountainous area of the basin, designing linear vegetable structures between agricultural plots or applying the necessary amount of fertilizers to the crops, are some of the measures that would improve the ecological status of the Mar Menor in the long term, according to a study carried out by the researchers from the IIAMA-UPV (Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València) (Spain), Félix Francés, Cristina Puertes, Antonio Lidón and Inmaculada Bautista.
The work developed for the Ministry of Environment of the Region of Murcia, seeks to know what measures are more effective to improve the situation of this natural enclave located in the southeast of Spain. For this, the members of the IIAMA have evaluated the existing information, provided by the regional administration and the company TRAGSATEC, on the situation of the aquifers, the concentration of nutrients in the water or the volume of fertilizers and irrigation applied in agriculture, among others.
The information obtained has been modeled with the hydrological and environmental simulation software TETIS, in its version 9.0, "which has reproduced the state of at least part of the basin to the Mar Menor basin at a hydrological, sedimentological and nitrogen cycle" , explains Cristina Puertes.
After that, both the Ministry of the Environment and the IIAMA researchers proposed a series of action measures that have been modeled with TETIS, to obtain their effectiveness through the percentage of reduction in the amount of nitrogen and sediment that reaches the lagoon with each of them.
Conceptual scheme of a slope within the TETIS model. (Photo: IIAMA)
"The measures include different actions such as soil conservation practices, linear plant structures between fields, leaving a distance of between 500 meters and 100 meters from the coastline to the interior where there are no non-woody crops, reforesting the forest area or apply the maximum amounts of fertilizers regulated according to Decree-Law 1/2017, of April 4, urgent measures to ensure environmental sustainability in the Mar Menor environment, adapted to the physiological state of the plant ", highlights the researcher of the IIAMA .
The results obtained determine that at the sedimentological level the measure with the greatest long-term impact is the reforestation of the forest areas, while in the cultivation zones it is important to promote soil conservation practices and linear vegetable structures, "which would reduce around 50% the flow of sediments, "says Dr. Frances. However, in the short term (until reforestation is developed enough to be effective), dams and green filters are the only option.
Regarding the nitrogen (N) present in the soil and that contaminates the aquifers, the study shows that applying only what is established in Decree-Law 1/2017, which marks the amount of fertilizer needed to provide depending on the type of crop, it is possible to reduce the volume of nitrogen that reaches the lagoon by 35%, "so it would not be necessary to reduce the number of crop rotations and with it, the production of three to two crops per year, as it improves the results only slightly .
Unfortunately, the concentrations of N in the quaternary aquifer are so high that "in the short and medium term it will only be possible to significantly reduce the N flows by decontaminating them or by capturing the underground flow with wells and / or perimeter drains", concludes Professor Félix Francés. (Source: IIAMA)
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