Soyuz MS-10: anatomy of a space accident

Soyuz MS-10: anatomy of a space accident https://i0.wp.com/www.eresviral.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/1539915209_Soyuz-MS-10-anatomía-de-un-accidente-espacial.jpg?fit=229%2C146&ssl=1

Soyuz MS-10: anatomy of a space accident







On October 11, 2018 dawned sunny in Baikonur. It's a perfect day to go to space. Two cosmonauts begin the battery of rituals and preparations to reach the orbit that for decades characterizes the launches of a manned Soyuz rocket. Alexéi Nikoláievich Ovchinin will be the commander of the Soyuz MS-10 mission. Ovchinin (1971) is a former military pilot and colonel in the reserve who traveled to space for the first time only two years ago. He is accompanied by NASA astronaut Tyler Nicklaus 'Nick' Hague. For Hague (1975), another military pilot training, this will be his first space flight. Both have a long mission ahead. Their goal is to stay until January 2019 on the International Space Station (ISS) as members of Expeditions 57 and 58. Until December 2018 they will live in the station together with Serena Auñón-Chancellor, Sergei Prokopiev and Alexander Gerst. It is a routine mission to the ISS and the fact that this time only two people travel instead of the usual three is perhaps the most remarkable. But in a few hours reality will show that, when we talk about space flights, the adjective 'routine' only exists in the imagination of journalists. The one who was to be the third crew member of the mission, Nikolai Tijonov, had remained on the ground because he had to work on a Russian module - the Nauka - which could not be launched in time. NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine will attend the launch. It is the first time that the new administrator of NASA has a manned launch.



Launch of the Soyuz MS-10 (NASA / Bill Ingals).



Ovchinin and Hague leave first the Hotel of the Cosmonauts, built in the Soviet era for the Apollo-Soyuz mission and located near the entrance of the cosmodrome. Your next stop is the MIK-KA building in Area 250, managed by the company RKK Energía de Moscú, manufacturer of the Soyuz spacecraft. There they undergo the latest tests and help them to put on their Sokol KV2. After briefly declaring abroad before the State Commission and the press, they head for the Gagarin Ramp (PU-5) of Area 1, located a few kilometers away. From this ramp took off Yuri Gagarin in 1961 and the first Sputnik was launched in 1957. The two crew members stop midway to meet the cosmonauts' most famous tradition: urinating on the rear wheel of the bus as Gagarin did in his first flight.



The crew of the Soyuz MS-10: Nick Hague (left) and Alexéi Ovchinin (NASA).





One of the most recent traditions is to receive the orthodox blessing of the Baikonur pope at the Hotel of the Cosmonauts (NASA).



On the ramp awaits their ship, the Soyuz MS-10 (11F732A48 No. 740), located at the end of a Soyuz-FG rocket built by the company RKTs Progress de Samara. It has been half an hour since the propellant load of the rocket has been completed and it is surrounded by vapors, creating the impression that the rocket breathes as if it were alive. It is the condensation of water vapor due to the low temperatures of liquid oxygen. The frost that covers the oxygen tanks gives the rocket a white color that replaces in some areas the characteristic greenish gray of the Soyuz. Each cosmonaut receives a smack in the butt as a 'last impulse' of good luck before climbing the ladder next to the ramp. And, as tradition dictates, the two men turn on the ladder to greet the press and the authorities.



Hague and Ovchinin leave the MIK-KA building to testify before the State Commission before leaving for the ramp (RKK Energy).



The cosmonauts climb in the small elevator that will take them to the top of the service tower and from there they access the interior of the ship through a rectangular hatch in the cap that surrounds the Soyuz. First they are introduced in the orbital module (BO) and then they take off very carefully in the small space available to occupy their seats in the capsule (SA). Hague gets in first to occupy the left seat of the flight engineer. Ovchinin travels in the central seat, reserved for the commander. The third seat is occupied by several containers filled with provisions and additional equipment for the station, including a 3D bioprinter. More than anything to take advantage of the trip. The cosmonauts verify that the 'acceleration indicators', two small hanging toys, are located correctly.



The crew says goodbye to the authorities and the press on the ramp (NASA).





The 'microgravity indicators' that cosmonauts will take in this mission (NASA).



The Soyuz MS-10, like all Soyuz, has two side windows and a central visor for the periscope (VSK), but the cosmonauts can not see anything at all because the ship is surrounded by the cap (GO, Golovnoi Obtekatel). This cylindrical structure surrounds the ship in order to protect it from aerodynamic forces during the first minutes of the launch. The two men will have to wait 2 minutes and 37 seconds after takeoff, at which time the cap will separate into two halves, so that the light from the outside enters through the windows. The ground crew helps the crew close the hatch between the capsule and the BO and then close the BO hatches and the hatch before leaving the launching ramp. There are still two hours to take off and the cosmonauts spend their time listening to music and checking the lists of operations. Half an hour later it is verified that the BO module of the Soyuz is hermetic and when there is only one hour left for the launch, the gyroscopes of the Soyuz-FG rocket are activated.



Soyuz ship and Soyuz-FG rocket (Paco Arnau / ciuda-futura.net).





The ship Soyuz MS-10 in Baikonur (RKK Energy).



A quarter of an hour later, the two service towers begin to rotate on the sides of the ramp and start pressurization tests on Sokol suits. It is also used to load the flight computer software. When there is half an hour to take off, the escape tower of the emergency rescue system or SAS is armed. The SAS (Avarinogo Spasenia System), built by the company MKB Iskra, consists of several solid fuel rockets that will take away the capsule with the crew away from the rocket in case something goes wrong during the launch. Throughout the history of the Soviet and Russian space program several types of SAS were designed. In addition to the one currently employed in the Soyuz, SAS was also built for the giant rocket N1 of the lunar program and for the 7K-L1 Zond ships that cosmonauts were to carry around the Moon. The 7K-L1 had to take off by means of a Proton rocket, as well as the VA capsules of the TKS ships, which were also equipped with a specific SAS. The ships Vostok and Vosjod did not incorporate any type of SAS (yes, at least the Vostok had an ejection seat).



DU SAS exhaust tower of the Soyuz MS-10 in the MIK-112 building in Baikonur (RKK Energía).





Detail of the TsRD engine nozzles of a DU SAS (Roscosmos).



The SAS is a fully automatic system and the cosmonauts have no ability to activate it from within the Soyuz, unlike the Apollo astronauts. But the ground control can activate the SAS by remote control. This requires that the director of the launch - who observes the rocket with a periscope from the bunker - and the head of the SAS team give the order less than five seconds apart. First, they must notify operators located in two different rooms of the Saturn station in Baikonur. If something goes wrong, the directors communicate to the operators a password - it is usually the name of a city or a river in Russia - through the radio that changes with each launch. When listening to it, the operators verify that it matches the password they have been given before, a measure introduced to avoid accidents or sabotage, and they press two buttons simultaneously with both hands (if they do not both at the same time or tighten only one button the SAS does not activate). The SAS activation signal is then sent to the rocket through two independent antennas (IP-5 and Kvant-P).



Parts of the SAS system (RKK Energy).





TsRD engine of a Soyuz SAS (RKK Energía).





View of a DU SAS (Roscosmos).



Throughout history the SAS has been activated on several unmanned flights, but its highlight was on September 26, 1983, when cosmonauts Vladimir Titov and Gennadi Strekalov saved their lives thanks to their intervention. That day there was a fire at the base of the Soyuz-U rocket only 20 seconds before takeoff. The crew was already inside the Soyuz and the service towers had already been removed, so they could not leave the ship on foot. The fire became more intense and the cosmonauts could feel strong vibrations at the end of the rocket. The flames were already reaching the height of the ship when the ground control gave the order to activate the SAS, but at that time the signal had to be sent through a cable while the rocket was on the ramp. Unfortunately, the cable had burned with the fire. It was decided to send the signal by radio at the last moment. Literally. The SAS was activated, driving Titov and Strekalov away from the rocket. A few seconds later the Soyuz-U exploded, completely destroying the ramp. After a flight of five minutes, in which they reached 1.4 kilometers in height, the two men landed safely in their capsule 2.5 kilometers from the ramp after experiencing a maximum acceleration of 14 g at the time of ignition from the escape tower. Today you can still see the remains of the SAS escape tower on the steppe near the ramp.



The Soyuz T-10-1 capsule is powered by the SAS against the Soviet military authorities in 1983.



Since the incident of the Soyuz T-10-1 with Titov and Strekalov in 1983 it has not been necessary the intervention of the SAS in any other mission. It is true that the SAS has also caused fatalities. On December 14, 1966, the SAS of Soyuz 7K-OK No. 1, which had to fly without a crew, was accidentally activated with the rocket on the ramp, killing the greatest engineer Krostiliov. The capsule landed, empty and intact, a mile away. The SAS system is formed by the exhaust tower and engines located in the cap. The escape tower, called in Russian DU SAS (Dvigatelnaia Ustanovka SAS, 'Installation of SAS motors'), is mounted on the cap and has three sets of solid fuel engines: URD, RDR and TsRD. The TsRD or 'central rocket engine' is the most important. It has eight nozzles of two different sizes fed by two solid fuel engines and is the one that generates most of the thrust to separate the capsule and the rocket cap (its thrust reaches 76 tons).



Detail of the SAS system (RKK Energy).



The RDR ('separation by rocket engines'), with 12 nozzles, is responsible for separating the escape tower in a normal launch or, in case of abortion, helps to move the cap away from the capsule. Finally, the URD motors are responsible for maneuvering the tower in pitch to facilitate the ejection of the capsule and, incidentally, helps prevent it from landing on the burning ramp. The URD has four nozzles perpendicular to the axis of the rocket. Unlike the exhaust towers used by NASA in the Mercury, Apollo and Orion ships, the DU SAS engines are tractor-type, that is, the rocket is installed 'upside down'. In this way it is possible to increase the distance between the nozzles and the cap. The installation of the DU tower is a very delicate process in which the center of mass of the Soyuz must be taken into account, so that its precise adjustment depends on the mission. If not, the cosmonauts could be injured by experiencing unexpected side accelerations if the SAS is activated.



Parts of the SAS (RKK Energy).



In addition to the DU tower, the SAS system includes four motors located on the top of the cap that are called RDG ('rocket engines of the cap'). The RDG (11D860M) are responsible for separating the ship if there are problems between the moment in which the escape tower is separated and the separation of the cap. They are also the latest engines to take action in case of activation of the escape tower. The first versions of the Soyuz SAS did not incorporate the RDG engines. This caused that in certain situations it was necessary to use the emergency parachute instead of the main one because the capsule did not reach enough height. The RDG engines were introduced briefly for the Soyuz version used in the Apollo-Soyuz mission, but it was not until the introduction of the Soyuz T in the late 70's that they would become SAS standard equipment.



In this image of the Soyuz MS-05 cap we can see the four RDG solid fuel engines of the SAS system that saved the life of the crew of the Soyuz MS-10 (the bottom cylinders) (RKK Energía).



But let's go back to Ovchinin and Hague inside the Soyuz MS-10. Upon reaching T-25 minutes the service towers have been completely removed. At a quarter of an hour for the takeoff, nobody is left in the vicinity of the ramp, with the exception of the cosmonauts. The SAS goes into automatic mode, as until then it could only be operated from the ground, and in T-10 minutes the crew activates the flight recorders. When there are five minutes left to take off, a technician introduces the key to the launch in the bunker next to the ramp, a way to remind us that the Soyuz is a descendant of the R-7 intercontinental missile of the 50s. It is the order Kliuch na start. From this moment the automatic launch sequence begins and the rocket systems and the Soyuz spacecraft pass to internal control. The cosmonauts close their visors and activate the airflow of the diving suits.



The Soyuz-FG rocket of the Soyuz MS-10 on the ramp (Roscosmos).





"Tulip" system of the ramp of a Soyuz rocket in French Guiana (Roscosmos).



At the launch of a Soyuz rocket there is no countdown. Instead, several milestones or 'orders' that are announced by public address are followed, although these are automatic events. In T-4: 10 minutes the order is given Protyazhka 1 and the rocket telemetry emission begins. Ten seconds later the order is announced Produvka and the combustion chambers of the rocket are purged with nitrogen to avoid accidental explosions. In T-3: 10 minutes the order is given Protyazhka 2 and the sending of telemetry of the Soyuz spacecraft begins. In T-2: 30 minutes the propellant tanks are pressurized with nitrogen and 15 seconds later the order is given Kliuch na drenazh to complete the filling of liquid oxygen and nitrogen. In T-1: 25 the order is heard Nadduv announcing the proper pressurization of the tanks facing the launch. When there is one minute left for the takeoff, the order is given Zemlyá-bort and the first tower of umbilicals is separated. The rocket goes to feed on its own batteries. In T-40 seconds the tower is separated with the umbilicals of the third stage (Block I) and in T-20 seconds the order is announced Pusk of ignition of the engines.



Takeoff of the Soyuz MS-10 (NASA / Bill Ingals).



At that time the engine RD-108A of the central stage or first stage, also known as Block A, is turned on. At the same time, the four RD-107A engines of the side blocks forming the second stage, also known as Blocks B, are lit. V, G and D or, lovingly, bokovushki. A total of 32 combustion chambers -20 main and 12 vernier- come to life. The engines use turbo pumps fed by hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) and the ignition takes place thanks to wooden sticks inserted in each combustion chamber and called PZU. The 32 PZU are basically giant matches that have a pyrotechnic mechanism at the end, which is responsible for starting the engine when kerosene and liquid oxygen begin to flow into the chamber. The motor flame will burn the wood and wiring the PZU. In T-15 seconds the umbilicals are separated from the base of the rocket and in T-10 seconds the turbo-pumps rotate at maximum speed. The engines reach their maximum thrust five seconds later. The four arms that hold the rocket by its base are removed and, free, the rocket ascends, pushing the structure that supports it. The four main towers of the structure nicknamed "tulip" are removed by counterweights. Because the Soyuz, unlike most launchers, is not supported on its base, but hangs from the "waist" held by the tulip. At that moment the rocket takes off and the order is heard Kontakt podyoma. It's 08:40:15 UTC on October 11, 2018.



Takeoff of the Soyuz MS-10 (NASA / Bill Ingals).



Little by little Ovchinin and Hague feel how the acceleration increases until reaching 3 g approximately and their weight increases. Luckily they are in their seats Kazbek-U, formed by a fixed structure with shock absorbers and an upper part - the seat itself - created tailor-made for each cosmonaut from a cast of plaster. The Soyuz-FG rocket (serial number 11A511U-FG U15000-062) ascends majestically through the sky. The vernier of the RD-107 and RD-108 engines orient the rocket in pitch to follow the optimal trajectory. Cosmonauts and ground control report every so often that "everything is in order". As has happened with many other spacecraft, cosmonauts fly "mouth down", that is, with their heads pointing to the ground. At 114 seconds of the flight the SAS DU tower is ejected as it is not necessary. From now on, if there is any problem, the RDG motors of the cap should be ordered.



Animation of the ejection of the escape tower (Roscosmos).



[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcANi-4j0lk?start=285&feature=oembed&w=500&h=375]

1 minute and 58 seconds after takeoff, the four blocks that make up the first stage must be separated, the so-called Blocks B, V, G and D following the alphabetical order in Cyrillic (remember that Block A is the central stage or first stage). The motors of the lateral blocks reduce their thrust and the vernier impellers are turned off. At that moment, the two lower clamps of each block are cut with the central stage using pyrotechnic mechanisms. The difference between the direction of the thrust of the motors and the axis of the blocks causes them to be separated from the central stage by the lower part while they are still joined by the upper one. At the upper end, the blocks do not have a pyrotechnic separation mechanism, but carry a ball that fits into a hole in the central stage as if it were the joint of a large metallic beast. The ball carries a retractable cylinder to ensure that the separation occurs in a single plane. Once the engines of the side blocks have decreased their thrust the stage falls freely, freeing themselves from the joint. To prevent the blocks from colliding with the central stage, a pyrotechnic mechanism is activated in the valve of the oxygen tank at the top, creating a jet of gas that drives the block to one side. The blocks are separated from the central stage by turning while forming the famous "Koroliov cross" in the sky.



Sequence of separation of the side blocks of a Soyuz.





The Soyuz rocket on the ramp. The lower fixings of the lateral blocks (NASA) are appreciated.





Recreation in the Orbiter simulator of the separation of the first stage of a Soyuz (Novosti Kosmonavtiki).





Detail of the end of a side block of a Soyuz rocket. The red circle corresponds to the oxygen tank valve (Novosti Kosmonavtiki).





Detail of the end of a side block (Novosti Kosmonavtiki).





Detail of the receptacle in the central stage (Novosti Kosmonavtiki).



[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjw2Z8g7jRQ?start=166&feature=oembed&w=500&h=281]

But that is not what happened in this release. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Block D was not properly separated at the top, perhaps because the oxygen tank valve did not work properly. According to the preliminary investigation, everything indicates that this block suffered some kind of damage during its integration with the rest of the launcher in Baikonur. However, Block D was "hanging" from the upper end and probably collided with the central stage . As a result, the trajectory of the rocket was modified significantly. The cosmonauts felt within the capsule the separation of the first stage as a sudden jerk, but, unlike what happens in a normal situation, they also suffered a strong lateral movement. Ovchinin had to realize immediately that this was not normal. A rocket can shake and vibrate strongly, but it does not move from side to side. As a rookie, Hague probably took longer to notice the anomaly. It was not the first time something like this had happened. On March 23, 1986, a side block of a Soyuz-U rocket did not separate properly either, causing the loss of a Zenit spy satellite. The difference is that on this occasion people were traveling.



Moment of the anomaly (NASA).





The cosmonauts in the capsule (Roscosmos).





The launch seen from the ISS (NASA).



[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rROPB0QrZVY?feature=oembed&w=500&h=281]

The SAS system did not take action immediately because the deviation was not excessive and because the algorithm gives the rocket a time after the separation of the first stage to correct its trajectory. But the systems of the Soyuz-FG launcher detected the fault and gave the order to turn off the central engine of the second stage. The last thing you want in such a situation is for the rocket to continue to accelerate. And without significant acceleration, the cosmonauts experienced weightlessness inside the capsule. The sensation was brief, because within a few seconds two of the four SAS RDG engines were activated, moving the rocket capsule away. 0.3 seconds later the second pair of RDG motors was activated. Ovchinin and Hague listen in the capsule the alarm at the same time that the signal of avaria nositelya ("Failure of the pitcher"). The acceleration of the RDG engines of the SAS is not particularly abrupt, but it is enough to move them away from the rocket. The two cosmonauts are not very aware of what is happening, but they have just saved their lives. What they are sure of is that today they will not reach orbit.



The Soyuz MS-10 in Baikonur. The metal handles that hold the capsule inside the cap are appreciated (RKK Energy).



But how do you separate a manned capsule from a launcher? In the case of the Apollo it was simple. The manned capsule was located at the tip of the rocket, just below the escape tower. But the Soyuz is inside a cap and the capsule (SA) is below the orbital module (BO). That's why the SAS system uses a curious configuration. The capsule breaks its connections with the propellant module (PAO) by pyrotechnic devices and the cap is also cut at the same height. The capsule is attached to the cap by four metal structures that are responsible for transmitting the SAS impulse. The cap also includes four stabilization grids that are deployed at lower speed abortions, but not in this case. The accident took place at a height of 50 kilometers and a speed of 1.8 km / s (about 6,500 km / h). The cap with the orbital module and the capsule continues to rise until the SAS algorithm considers that they are far enough away from the launcher. At that moment the capsule is separated from the orbital module and the restraints with the cap and falls down the back of it. At last the cosmonauts can already see the outside through the windows of the Soyuz.



Introduction of the Soyuz MS-10 in the cap (RKK Energy).



Although it is no longer attached to the rocket, the capsule continues to climb while following a ballistic trajectory. The two men will reach an apogee of 93 kilometers in height, only 7 kilometers from the subjective border of space. Ovchinin had already reached the orbit before, but remember that this is Hague's first flight. The situation is paradoxical, because Hague can not say that he has reached space. Luckily for him the USAF maintains a different criterion to the rest of the world by which it locates the border of space in the 50 miles. The only antecedent in which a rookie astronaut had an accident in a space flight and could not reach the space was the Challenger accident in 1986, but obviously the poor did not live to tell. The Soyuz MS-10 thus becomes the second suborbital -involuntary- flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. The first took place on April 5, 1975, when the Soyuz 18-1 with Vasili Lazarev and Oleg Makarov on board suffered a similar problem when the second stage of the third stage did not separate correctly. On that occasion, the accident took place at a much greater height and speed and the intervention of the SAS was not necessary. The ship separated from the launcher and returned following a ballistic descent with acceleration peaks of up to 26 or 27 g that caused injuries of varying consideration to the crew.



One of the traditions of the cosmonauts is to plant a tree in the Hotel of the Cosmonauts before the first space flight. Hague is the only one who has planted a tree and has not reached the space in his first mission. Should you re-plant it in 2019? Doubt torments me (NASA).



Hague looks out the window to his left. Reach to see the curvature of the horizon and the jet sky over the landscape of Kazakhstan. It has been very close to reaching space, but it will not be today. Now they must concentrate on the procedures to follow to ensure a successful return. Commander Ovchinin uses his RUS command to select commands and prepare the capsule for a ballistic descent. The ship must dissipate all the energy it carries and that translates into a deceleration that reaches a maximum of 6.7 g, slightly higher than the 5 g that the cosmonauts undergo in a normal reentry, but below the 8 g of a ballistic descent from orbit. For this reason the two crew members have trained to experience accelerations of up to 8 g, so the almost 7 g of this descent emergency is an unpleasant annoyance, but nothing more. At 10 kilometers high, the two VP pilot parachutes open, which drag the TP braking parachute. At 8.5 kilometers in height, the main OSP parachute opens allowing the capsule to brake until reaching a descent speed of 6-7 m / s. The capsule releases the reserves of hydrogen peroxide used as propellant of the small SIO-S engines that are responsible for maneuvering the capsule during a normal reentry (and that are the main factor that limits the orbital life of a Soyuz to six months) .



Different phases of activation of the SAS according to the height and speed (RKK Energy).



At 5.5 km height several pyrotechnic charges release the set of cables that join the capsule with the parachute through guides in the fuselage of the ship, allowing the capsule to be suspended symmetrically. At the same time the covers of the two SA windows are detached so that the crew can see the outside, since after a reentry the windows are blackened. Obviously not the case of the Soyuz MS-10. The ablation thermal shield is detached and the BARD valve is opened to equalize the pressure with the outside. The cushions of the three Kazbek-UM seats are raised in preparation for landing and the cosmonauts are close to the instrument panel.



The Soyuz MS-10 capsule after the emergency landing in Kazakhstan. It is striking to see the capsule without the burns characteristic of an atmospheric reentry (TASS).





Another view of the capsule (Roscosmos).



With the capsule safe, the question is to know where they are going to land. Is it a mountainous area? A city? Or will it fall into the water, as happened to the Soyuz 23 in 1976 when it made an unforeseen splashdown on Lake Tengiz? Coincidentally, the landing area is not far from the one used by the Soyuz ships when returning from an orbital mission. Finally the Soyuz lands. The contact with the ground is damped by four solid DMP fuel engines. The capsule of the Soyuz MS-10 is located just 32 kilometers southeast of the city of Zhezkazgan, the Kazakh town where the Soyuz crews are transferred after landing. The flight has barely lasted 19 minutes and 41 seconds. Ovchinin and Hague had been prepared to spend the night in the space station, but it could not be. Today you will sleep on Earth. But none of that matters. They have survived a space accident and all thanks to the proper functioning of the SAS system.



The crew of the MS-10 at the Baikonur hospital (Roscosmos).



The two cosmonauts hang from the safety belts, mouth to foot. They look at each other with smiles from ear to ear. They have achieved it. They use their satellite phone to call the authorities and tell them they are in good condition. Once they have done their duty, they call their wives. Hague is unlucky and his voice mail skips, but he leaves the message. The first to arrive at the site, about 25 minutes later, are several paratroopers of the rescue team that are parachuted from an Antonov An-12 plane. Then the rest of the rescue team arrives in Mil Mi-8 helicopters and, finally, in off-road and amphibious vehicles. The cosmonauts undergo a medical check-up and their condition is certified, but the doctors want to be sure, so they are taken by helicopter to Zhezkazgan, where Roscosmos boss Dmitri Rogozin awaits them, and then by plane to Baikonur. The emotional embrace with the family at the foot of the airplane ladder perfectly summarizes what happened. Hague's wife whispers in his ear "do not worry, you'll make it later". It refers to space, of course. Las autoridades de la NASA y Roscosmos sopesan la opción de evacuar a la tripulación a Moscú, pero finalmente deciden no arriesgarse y pasarán la noche en el cosmódromo bajo estrecha vigilancia médica.



La tripulación de la Soyuz MS-10 abraza a sus familias tras regresar a Baikonur (NASA).





Nick Hague con su esposa después del incidente (NASA).



A la espera de los resultados de la comisión de investigación, Roscosmos planea lanzar la Soyuz MS-11 entre el 28 de noviembre y el 5 de diciembre. El Soyuz-FG es un lanzador fiable y no se ha tratado de un fallo de diseño, aunque evidentemente deberán tomarse medidas para evitar que algo parecido pueda suceder. Primero se lanzará la nave de carga sin tripulación Progress MS-10 con un Soyuz-FG para comprobar que todo está en orden. Y, si todo sale bien, Ovchinin y Hague volverán a despegar dentro de una Soyuz como miembros de la tripulación de la Soyuz MS-12 en la próxima primavera. La exploración espacial no es para los débiles de espíritu.



Ovchinin y Hague con Rogozin en el avión de camino a Moscú (Dmitri Rogozin).





Emblema de la misión (NASA).

        .

  !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)

  {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?

  n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};

  if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';

  n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;

  t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];

  s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',

  'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');

  fbq('init', '369524843414444');

  fbq('track', 'PageView');

    .


SOURCE LINK ERESVIRAL.COM 
https://www.beviral.online