Scientists call for drastic measures to limit heating to 1.5 ° C
Scientists call for drastic measures to limit heating to 1.5 ° C
Scientists call for drastic measures to limit heating to 1.5 ° C
The increase in temperatures seems unstoppable, but the effects of climate change would be reduced and even avoided if we limited the increase to 1.5 ºC instead of 2 ºC, as stated in the Paris Agreement approved in December 2015 for more than 195 countries.
A special report presented today in South Korea by 91 experts from 40 countries of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reveals that with an increase of 1.5º C the increase in the global level of the sea would be 10 cm lower than with 2 ºC.
In addition, the probability that the Arctic Ocean would be free of ice in summer would be once per century with a global warming of 1.5 ° C, compared to a minimum of once per decade with a temperature of 2 ° C. Coral reefs would decrease between 70% and 90% with a global warming of 1.5 ° C, while practically all of them - more than 99% - would disappear with one of 2 ° C.
"One of the fundamental messages thrown out bluntly in the report is that we are already experiencing the consequences of a 1 ° C global warming, with more extreme weather conditions, rising sea levels and a shrinking sea ice in the Arctic, among others. changes ", warns Panmao Zhai, co-chair of Working Group I of the IPCC.
For experts, limiting global warming to 1.5 ºC instead of 2 ºC would have clear benefits for people and natural ecosystems. But this will require far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society, according to this new assessment.
Experts bet on renewable energy to limit the increase in temperatures. (Photo: Pixabay)
"A warming of 1.5 ° C or more increases the risk associated with lasting or irreversible changes, such as the loss of some ecosystems," says Hans-Otto Pörtner, co-chair of IPCC Working Group II, for whom the limitation of warming global would also give more scope for people and ecosystems to adapt and stay below risk thresholds.
This latest special report of the IPCC - which was requested with the approval of the Paris Agreement in 2015 - will be a fundamental scientific contribution to the Conference on Climate Change (COP24) to be held from Monday, December 3 to 14, in the Polish city of Katowice to examine the Paris Agreement.
"With more than 6,000 cited references and the selfless contribution of thousands of expert and government examiners from around the world, this important report testifies to the breadth and normative relevance of the IPCC," explains Hoesung Lee, president of the IPCC. The document analyzes the impacts of global warming of 1.5 ºC with respect to pre-industrial levels and the corresponding trajectories that global greenhouse gas emissions should follow.
"The good news is that some types of measures that would be needed to limit global warming to 1.5 ° C are already being carried out around the world, but it would be necessary to accelerate them," says Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Group co-chair of work I.
According to the report, "rapid and far-reaching" transitions would be needed in land, energy, industry, buildings, transportation and cities. For experts, it would be imperative that global CO2 emissions of anthropogenic origin decrease in 2030 by about 45% compared to 2010 levels. In addition, they should continue to decrease until reaching "net zero" by 2050.
"Limiting heating to 1.5 ° C is possible according to the laws of chemistry and physics, but this would require unprecedented changes," says Jim Skea, co-chair of IPCC Working Group III. If we let the global temperature exceed or exceed 1.5 ° C, it would be necessary to depend more on techniques -which would entail risks for sustainable development- that absorb CO2 from the atmosphere to return to global warming below 1.5 ° C in 2100.
"Limiting global warming to 1.5 ° C instead of 2 ° C would reduce the problematic impacts on ecosystems, human health and well-being, and facilitate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals," says Priyardarshi Shukla. , co-chair of Working Group III of the IPCC.
"The decisions we make today are critical to ensuring a safe and sustainable world for all, both now and in the future," says Debra Roberts, co-chair of IPCC Working Group II, for whom this report provides policy makers and professionals the information they need to make decisions aimed at tackling climate change.
"The next few years are probably the most important in our history," Roberts concludes. (Source: SINC)
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