New data on Chagas in Central America obtained from the "guts" of the insect that propagates it
New data on Chagas in Central America obtained from the "guts" of the insect that propagates it
New data on Chagas in Central America obtained from the "guts" of the insect that propagates it
Researchers from the University of Vermont (United States), San Carlos University of Guatemala and Loyola University of New Orleans (United States) have analyzed DNA from the guts of the insect vector of Chagas disease in Central America, 'Triatoma dimidiata' , and have described patterns of behavior of these insects, the strain of the parasite 'Trypanosoma cruzi' and the communities of microbes that interact with it.
Nearly six million people around the world, mostly in Latin America, are infected with the Chagas parasite, 'T. cruzi ', which rarely causes an immediate illness. However, through chronic infections, it can cause cardiac, digestive and neurological problems in the long term. In Central America, it is estimated that about 400,000 people are infected with the parasite. In this region, the parasite is propagated mainly by 'Triatoma dimidiata', a type of insect known as "chinche besucona" - as it feeds on blood - that lives from the northern part of South America to Mexico.
To fight the disease, a better understanding of the complex interactions that occur between the human host 'T. cruzi ', the insect that propagates' T. dimidiata 'and the microbes that reside in the entrails of this vector.
In the new work published in 'PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases', Sara Helms Cahan, from the University of Vermont and her colleagues, studied 61 individuals from' T. dimidiata 'adults who had previously been collected throughout Central America from 1999 to 2013. The researchers isolated the DNA from the abdomen and legs of each preserved specimen and sequenced the genetic material.
Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes Chagas disease. (Photo: DICYT)
In the case of the abdomen DNA, it is a mixture of DNA from 'T. dimidiata 'and of any other ingested vertebrate as well as of the microbes that reside in the guts of these insects. Meanwhile, the DNA of the legs was used as reference DNA of the insect.
By comparing both, the researchers were able to identify the blood of the vertebrates that had ingested the insect - among them chicken, dog, duck and human - as well as two strains of 'T. cruzi '. They also observed that the individuals of 'T. dimidiata 'infected with Chagas had a bacterial community richer in their gut than those not infected.
"In general, our results show that a mixed DNA analysis can provide simultaneous information about the community of biotic factors involved in the transmission of 'T. cruzi '", say the researchers. "Testing this method of sequencing with different disease vectors and models will help determine if it can be replicated in other systems where multiple organisms interact in a tightly integrated and complex way," they add. (Source: CGP / DICYT)
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