Melatonin improves the efficacy of current treatments in breast cancer metastasis
Melatonin improves the efficacy of current treatments in breast cancer metastasis
Melatonin improves the efficacy of current treatments in breast cancer metastasis
The use of Melatonin in the treatment of gynecologic cancer, even when there is metastasis, may be less invasive and produce fewer side effects than current treatments. Two groups of researchers, one made up of Saudi and Egyptian scientists and another French-Spanish, agree in separate articles, published in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry and the Journal of Gynecology and Women's Health, on the potential efficacy of Melatonin in the treatment of breast cancer
During the process of metastasis, cancer cells lose the characteristics responsible for their adhesion to adjacent cells. As a result, the cells are released from their original location and move freely in the body. Due to other pathological mechanisms, the released cells acquire the ability to invade tissues of different organs and actively divide in these new heterotopic locations. These transformations are induced by the coincidence of multiple aberrations of cellular signaling pathways that can be detected and quantified by examinations of specific markers. The in vitro exposure of breast cancer cells to physiological concentrations of melatonin inhibits a large part of these aberrations, which would be effective in preventing the metastatic capacity of these cells and could even cause the return of metastases. already present. Physiological doses of the hormone melatonin inhibit the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by reprogramming the mechanisms of intracellular regulation in cancer cells. This reprogramming removes said cells the ability to invade other tissues and organs, without therefore producing cytotoxic effects.
Dr. Jan Tesarik, director of the MARGen Clinic of Granada and of the Franco-Spanish research group, comments that, in the article published in the Journal of Gynecology and Women's Health, "we indicated that melatonin reduces the progression of other diseases , not cancerous, characterized by a migration, invasion and proliferation of cells in heterotopic locations, for example in cases of endomeriosis or adenomyosis, two main causes of infertility in young women, and we advanced the potential of melatonin in the treatment of certain types Cancer".
(Photo: MARGEN)
According to Tesarik, the article by the Saudi-Egyptian group goes even further and focuses attention on a particular type of cancer, breast cancer. The authors show that, although effective in itself, melatonin produces the best results, in terms of the inhibition of metastasis, when combined with Paclitaxel (Taxol), the conventional agent used in this indication.
In fact, the antitumor effect of the combination melatonin-paclitaxel was superior to the effect of both substances used separately. Paclitaxel, by itself, is a substance with a high non-specific cytotoxicity, responsible for numerous secondary effects, such as hypersensitivity reactions (difficulty breathing, hives, hypotension, chest or back pain, excess perspiration and pruritus), sensory and motor neuropathies, cardiac arrhythmias, blood abnormalities or gastrointestinal effects.
"All these effects - says Tesarik - can be mitigated or suppressed completely with the simultaneous use of melatonin, which will allow to substantially reduce the dose of paclitaxel administered maintaining, or even improving, the antitumor effect".
The director of the MARGen Clinic concludes by pointing out the need to perform clinical studies "to evaluate the antitumor effects of melatonin in different types and evolutionary stages of breast cancer to include this substance in personalized treatment programs, adapted to the condition of each patient . It is hoped that these new advances will allow less invasive and non-invasive treatments of breast cancer in the not too distant future. "
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. In women, breast cancer is the second most frequent cause of death, only behind lung cancer. In Spain, more than 30,000 new cases are detected every year. Thanks to early detection and the development of personalized therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate has reached 85%. However, the treatments used cause significant unpleasant side effects and may culminate in a partial or total mastectomy. The search for less invasive methods, with less general cytotoxic effects and more patient-friendly then represents a huge challenge for biomedical research. (Source: MARGEN)
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