How Will Private Space Travel Transform NASA's Next 60 Years?

How Will Private Space Travel Transform NASA's Next 60 Years?

How Will Private Space Travel Transform NASA's Next 60 Years?







		The next 60 years of NASA will probably be very different from their first six decades.

		When the agency opened its doors in 1958, private space flight was only a science fiction dream. But companies like Elon Musk's Espaciox and Jeff Bezos Blue origin We are working to make that dream come true and open the spatial frontier to a large number of people for the first time.

		What role will NASA play in the takeoff of the private sector? Space.com recently spoke with three experts on commercial flights to get some ideas.

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First, people should understand that about 75 percent of the global space company is already commercial, said Scott Hubbard, an associate professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford University.  



	

	This includes the satellites belonging to DirecTV and Sirius XM radio. What's new is "the extension of that in the human realm," said Hubbard, who also previously headed NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley. He served as the agency's "Tsar of Mars" and restructured NASA's robotic Red Planet exploration program after suffering several failures in the 1990s. 

		What if private companies "You can get a lot of interest," Hubbard told Space.com.

		The highest profile program that is currently being carried out between NASA and the private sector is that of the agency. Commercial crew programsaid Eric Stallmer, president of the Federation of commercial space flights nonprofit. 

		The commercial crew is encouraging the development of a US spacecraft. UU That will take the astronauts to and from the International Space Station (ISS). To this end, NASA has awarded billionaire contracts to SpaceX and Boeing, which are building capsules called Crew Dragon and CST-100 Starliner, respectively. These ships are scheduled to start flying astronauts next year.

		There is also the commercial cargo program in the process of maturation, which has awarded contracts to SpaceX and Northrop Grumman Corp. to fly robotic cargo missions to the ISS. Both companies have already completed numerous flights of this type.

		Both Hubbard and Stallmer said that NASA wins by relying on private industry to provide such services in low Earth orbit. Hubbard argued that this strategy allows the space agency to continue "exploring the margin where there really is not a business case." 

		NASA has a budget five times larger than the next largest national space agency that exists, but the ambitious goals of the US agency are still costly, Stallmer said. To make the most of the investment, "I would have to take advantage of the innovation and technology that is in the private sector and let NASA do the exquisite projects."

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		The "exquisite" projects, Stallmer explained, are "kind of pushing the envelope in deeper space exploration." 

		"I see it not only as cooperation or collaboration, but also as interdependence," Hubbard said.  

		"Without a prosperous sector of space flight entrepreneurship, I do not believe that deep space exploration [regular] the people are sustainable, "he added. And I think using the way the private sector has shown that it can reduce costs, through production techniques almost on the assembly line, is really critical for the exploration of sustainable space in the future. "

		Phil McAlister, director of commercial space flights at NASA, also championed these public-private partnerships. Private companies offer the advantages of "being quick, being agile, being quick, making a decision maybe without the perfect knowledge, and then moving forward and adjusting as necessary," McAlister told Space.com. 

		NASA officials, he said, "have many meetings ... many discussions and things tend to take more time" than in private industry. 

		"The private sector wants to move fast and wants to be profitable and NASA has 50 years of experience. human space flight experience ... brings those two together, and they actually complement each other very effectively, "McAlister said.





						


Artistic illustration of the powerful New Glenn rocket from Blue Origin, which is scheduled to fly for the first time in 2021.

            						    Credit: Blue Origin 


		And there are more players in that private space flight "cake" now than there used to be, Stallmer said. Aerospace giants such as Lockheed Martin, Boeing and Northrop Grumman Corp. build hardware for NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States (NOAA), but they are also likely to continue seeking defense contracts. big dollars. These standard government contractors are no longer the only options that NASA can choose.

		"I see in the future," said Stallmer, "the contracts that were historically for the big three or the big four go elsewhere, and they are seeing smaller and more agile companies entering the market and competing for a lot of this." So, it will not be just the standard government contractors ... it's a much bigger group ... to choose from. "

		McAlister also said that there is now a big change in who owns and operates a spacecraft, as a result of non-government space flight clients. 

		"I think that the appearance of non-governmental clients only really happened in the last 10 or 15 years in the space industry," he said. "Before that, it was practically only NASA and governments [that] They were the customers, and when you have that kind of scenario ... [it] it makes sense to [NASA] own and operate the hardware. "

		But, McAlister added, "when you have the opportunity for other clients, then it makes sense to transfer some of that development responsibility to companies, to the private sector, allow them to own and operate their hardware, and then sell" to other customers, and that it reduces the cost to NASA and to everyone, because they can advertise their fixed cost on a larger customer base. "

		He called this "a kind of win-win scenario."

		Who will these future clients of space flights be? The rich, at least in the short term. After all, human space travel, even to nearby ones suborbital kingdomIt will probably remain quite expensive for a while, experts have said.

		But that does not mean that the rest of us have no role to play in the ongoing revolution of private space flights.

		"I think we're going to need a lot of creative people," Stallmer said. "We're going to need a lot of builders ... not just aerospace engineers, they're artisans, people who can use their hands."



	Follow Doris Elin Salazar on Twitter@salazar_elin. Follow us @Spacedotcom and in Facebook. Original article about Space.com.

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