Fire Scar Northern Botswana
Fire Scar Northern Botswana
Every day fires occur somewhere on the planet, almost one million per year, and satellites help detect them even when nobody talks about them.
the Moderate resolution image spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments at NASA Water Y Terra Satellites acquired this series of images between September 15 and October 18, 2018. Fires burned along the border between Botswana and Zimbabwe, in and around the Kasane Forest Reserve, the Maikaelelo Forest Reserve and the Park. National Kazuma Pan. The images were composed of a combination of visible and short-wave infrared light (MODIS bands 7-2-1). The scar of the burn appears in shades of orange and dark brown; the vegetation is green the bare soil is light brown; and the water is dark blue.
"Most, if not all, fires in Africa are man-made in one of its various forms: prescribed, agricultural, accidental or incendiary," said climate and fire researcher Charles Ichoku of Howard University. "It's still the fire season in that part of southern Africa, but the behavior of the fires seems curious." The velvet fires season (pastures) in this part of Botswana usually lasts from May to November.
The exact causes of the fires are not clear, and some of the straight fire lines make it look like they were burned. But those different lines are more likely to indicate firewall. Anja Hoffmann, a researcher with the Global Observation of Forest and Terrestrial Coverage Dynamics project, said that Botswana is covered by a fire network that extends over 10,000 kilometers and an average width of 20 to 30 meters.
"The fire started near the asphalt road not far from Lesoma on September 15 and extended westward. "It was not a prescribed burn," Jomo Mafoko, a fire manager in Botswana, wrote in an email. "Although the fire was difficult to control due to extreme conditions, it finally went out. Another fire started [to the south], and the rains helped control it. There was a shortage of resources and the terrain was not easy to maneuver. "
In the 21st century, satellites have become important for monitoring fires at local, regional and global scales. They play a role in helping fire agencies to control some flames and manage the protection of life and resources. On longer time scales, satellite detections help scientists better understand how fires evolve and spread, what they emit into the atmosphere and how they respond to changing weather conditions.
With 19 years of MODIS fire detections in the NASA archives, researchers are building databases and models to better understand fire behavior on a regional and global scale. One of those efforts is the Global Fire Atlas, a web-based data set that estimates the size, duration, propagation velocity and direction of each major fire detected in the burned area data of MODIS.
"This region of northern Botswana burns almost every year," added Doug Morton, a forest and fire expert at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center who helped develop the fire atlas. "The sequence of images shows how roads and other fragmentations of the landscape alter the size and shape of fires, a great illustration of how fire in natural ecosystems responds to human modifications."
Images from the NASA Earth Observatory by Lauren Dauphin, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS / LANCE and GIBS / Worldview. History of Michael Carlowicz.
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