Everything you need to know about Ebola.

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Everything you need to know about Ebola.







World health officials said Wednesday they are "deeply concerned" about the worsening of an outbreak of Ebola virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but concluded that it still does not meet the criteria for an international public health emergency.





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At least 223 people have reported symptoms of hemorrhagic fever in the eastern provinces of North Kivu and Ituri, in eastern Central Africa, which share international borders. Among those cases, 188 tested positive for the Ebola virus, the country's Health Ministry said in a daily bulletin on Thursday night.



So far, 109 deaths have been recorded, including 39 people who died from confirmed cases of Ebola, the ministry said.



The Director General of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, convened a meeting in Geneva on Wednesday with an expert advisory committee, which discussed the situation and finally agreed not to declare the outbreak as a public health emergency of international interest. , a proclamation that has mobilized more resources and gained global attention.



The chairman of the committee, Robert Steffen, said they made the decision by analyzing three main criteria.



"Is it extraordinary, is there a risk of cross-border spread, is there potential to require an international response?" Steffen told reporters.



Despite its conclusion, the committee emphasized in a statement that the Congolese government, WHO and its partners "must intensify the current response" to the ongoing outbreak and this "must be supported by the entire international community," otherwise " the situation is likely to deteriorate. " significantly. "



"I have accepted the recommendation of the committee, but this does not mean that we are not taking the outbreak seriously," Tedros said. "We will not rest until this outbreak ends."





Aboulaye Cisse / WHO
Social activists put an Ebola poster in Tchomia to raise awareness in the local community of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on October 9, 2018. 

What is Ebola?

The Ebola virus is described as a group of viruses that cause a deadly type of hemorrhagic fever. The term "hemorrhagic fever" means that it causes bleeding inside and outside the body.



The virus has a long incubation period of approximately eight to 21 days. The first symptoms include fever, muscle weakness, sore throat and headaches.



As the disease progresses, the virus can affect kidney and liver function and cause external and internal bleeding. It is one of the most deadly viruses on Earth with a mortality rate that can reach between approximately 50 and 90 percent. There is no cure.



WHO has received approval to administer an experimental vaccine against Ebola, using a "ring vaccination" approach, centered around the epicenter of the current outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. More than 18,000 people, including 7,000 health workers and frontline, as well as 4,000 children, have been vaccinated in the area of ​​the outbreak since August 8, according to the WHO.



The vaccine, developed by the US pharmaceutical company Merck, has proved effective against the country's previous outbreak in the western province of Equateur.





Junior Kannah / WHO
A blister of one of the new therapies in Beni, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on August 25, 2018.

How is it transmitted?

The virus is transmitted through contact with blood or secretions from an infected person, either directly or through contaminated surfaces, needles or medical equipment. A patient is not contagious until he begins to show signs of the disease.



Fortunately, the virus is not transmitted through the air, which means that a person can not get the disease by simply breathing the same air as an infected patient.





Nyka Alexander / WHO
The new therapies are administered in these Emergency Care Units Biosegures for outbreaks (CUBE) at the Ebola ALIMA treatment center at the Beni General Hospital on August 16, 2018.

Where are the infected?

In this current outbreak, people have become infected in North Kivu and Ituri, which are among the most populated provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and share borders with Uganda and Rwanda.



Those two provinces are flooded with conflict and insecurity, particularly in the mineral-rich border areas where militia activity has increased in the last year, all of which complicates response to the outbreak. There is also distrust in the community, partly due to the security situation, and some residents delay seeking care or avoiding follow-up.



Ebola is endemic to the region. It is the tenth outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1976, the year in which scientists identified the deadly virus for the first time.



This outbreak in the east of the country was announced on August 1, only a few days after another outbreak that killed 33 people, including 17 who had confirmed cases, in the west of the country was declared over.





Junior Kannah / WHO
Dr. Marie-Roseline Darnycka Bélizaire, Leader of the WHO Epidemiology Team, interviews a woman as part of the process of tracking Ebola contacts on August 26, 2018, in Mangina, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Where did the virus come from?

The dangerous virus gets its name from the Ebola River in the north of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which was near the site of one of the first outbreaks. The virus was first reported in 1976 in two almost simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The outbreaks killed 151 and 280 people, respectively.



It is believed that certain bats that live in tropical African forests are the natural hosts of the disease. The initial transmission of an outbreak is usually the result of a wild animal that infects a human being, according to the WHO. Once the disease infects a person, it is easily transmitted between people in close contact.



An outbreak that began in the western African nation of Guinea in March 2014, and that soon spread to neighbors Liberia and Sierra Leone, was the largest in history, infected 28,646 people and caused 11,308 deaths. The outbreak, which the WHO considered a public health emergency of international concern, was declared in June 2016.





Nyka Alexander / WHO
Health workers at the Mangina hospital prepare to carry out a secure burial, August 15, 2018.

Who is at risk?

The virus is not transmitted through the air, which means that people who are in close contact can become infected and run the greatest risk. A person sitting next to an infected person, even if it is contagious, is not extremely likely to be infected.



Health workers and caregivers of the sick are particularly at risk because they work in close contact with infected patients during the final stages of the disease when the virus can cause internal and external bleeding.



Only in the current outbreak, at least 20 health workers have been infected and three of them have died, according to WHO.

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