Do lizards dream like humans?

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Do lizards dream like humans?







When sleeping, the body carries out many vital activities: the consolidation of knowledge acquired during the day, the elimination of the metabolic waste of the brain, the production of hormones, the regulation of temperature and the replacement of energy reserves.



It seems that this physiological phenomenon is shared by all the members of the animal kingdom and that it has been conserved throughout evolution. However, many scientists have long thought that only terrestrial mammals and birds experienced two separate states of sleep: the phase of slow wave sleep (during which we do not usually dream) and the phase described as a rapid eye movement dream ( REM sleep by its acronym in English) during which typically dream. The latter is a complex phase during which the body exhibits behaviors that are in limbo between those of the act of sleeping and those of waking hours.



A study whose results were published by the journal Science in 2016 focused on the lizard Pogona vitticeps and showed that this animal also experiences two distinct states while asleep. It also raised the possibility that such dream states had originated in a common ancestor of mammals and reptiles, 350 million years ago.



The team of Paul-Antoine Libourel, of the Claude Bernard University (University of Lyon 1) in France, began by reproducing the 2016 experiment with the Pogona vitticeps. Then he carried out a new investigation using another species of lizard, the Salvator merianae. The data obtained in this new study confirm that both lizards enter two different sleep states and that one of these states resembles the phase of slow wave sleep while the other is similar to REM sleep.







In addition to reproducing the 2016 experiment on the Pogona vitticeps, the experiments carried out a new investigation using another species of lizard, the Salvator merianae. (Photo: Paul-Antoine Libourel)



But his analysis of the brain, physiological and behavioral parameters deepened more in the way of sleeping and revealed differences not only between the sleep of the lizards and the dream of both mammals and birds, but also between that of a species of lizard and that of the other. Although human REM sleep is characterized by ocular and cerebral activity similar to that occurring during wakefulness, the corresponding state in both species of lizards is associated with slower eye movements and, in the case of Salvator merianae, with brain activity very different from the waking hours.



These differences observed by the researchers paint a more complex picture of REM sleep in the animal kingdom, and open new doors to research on the origin of the patterns of the act of sleeping and of dreaming in humans and the origin of equivalent patterns. of the lizards.



The study has been publicly presented in the academic journal PLoS Biology. The reference of the work is as follows: Libourel P-A, Barrillot B, Arthaud S, Massot B, Morel A-L, Beuf O, et al. (2018) Partial homologies between sleep states in lizards, mammals, and birds suggest a complex evolution of sleep states in amniotes. PLoS Biol 16 (10): e2005982.



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