Tracing the lineages of the intestinal community of mammals
Tracing the lineages of the intestinal community of mammals
Tracing the lineages of the intestinal community of mammals
According to a new study, the unique compositions of bacteria that reside in the intestine of mice are inherited from the parents and remain with few variations for many generations. The results suggest that vertical inheritance is the dominant mode of transmission for the intestinal microbiota of mammals, and suggest that some human bacterial pathogens belong to genera that are very suitable for horizontal transmission in indoor environments.
The great diversity of bacteria that inhabit the intestine of mammals affects the digestive, immune and neuroendocrine systems of their hosts. However, the mechanism by which the specific bacterial populations that create these microbiomes are transmitted between hosts is not well understood.
Unraveling the complex lineages of the individual bacteria and differentiating the various modes of transmission over several generations was a challenge. To address these challenges, Andrew Moeller and colleagues conducted a long-term multigenerational assessment of the transmission of microbiota in the mammalian gut.
Moeller et al. captured two populations of wild mice from Arizona, USA. UU., And Alberta, Canada, with different microbiota; Next, they monitored their microbiomes and those of their descendants for three years. The authors found that the individual and population microbiota compositions were conserved in each of the lineages of mice and remained different in their composition after ten generations, which indicates the predominance of the vertical inheritance of the microbiota.
However, it was shown that some bacteria are transmitted horizontally, probably through the laboratory environment. According to the authors, the types of bacteria in which horizontal transmission was found in the shared environment tended to show more virulence than those transmitted vertically, suggesting that human bacterial pathogens belong to genres well adapted to transmission in indoor environments, maybe helped by an increase in oxygen tolerance. (Source: AAAS)
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