The reality of armed, commercial drones.
The reality of armed, commercial drones.
Motivated by the threat of terrorist drones, the House recently approved the " Law of prevention of emerging threats of 2018 "And the Senate is expected to follow his example. The bill allows National Security and the Department of Justice to detect, track and even destroy an unmanned aircraft. This law comes immediately after the assassination attempt based on unmanned aircraft against Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. By remodeling an unmanned surveillance aircraft to include ammunition capability, this attack highlights the ability of state and non-state actors to reuse commercial drones in a DIY-armed drone. As a result, security forces both inside and outside the military must be prepared for this reality.
The old distinction between armed and reconnaissance drones is rapidly decreasing; While it used to be that only large, army-specific drones were armed, smaller commercial and amateur drones are increasingly capable of transporting ammunition. As the incident in Venezuela demonstrates, commercial and amateur UAVs are available and capable of limited attacks, not only on the battlefields of Iraq and Syria, but also on public assassination attempts. The technology is dual-use, so it has commercial and civil applications in addition to the military. Gradually, organizations outside the military are buying traditionally commercial UAVs for various purposes, including law enforcement and disaster assistance. With the increase in demand, private sector companies are encouraged to improve technology capabilities to expand their markets and profits.
This opens the door for commercial drones to enter the realm of armament. UAV payloads vary from subkilograms to 1,000 kilograms. The upper limit of that distance it resembles the payload of conventional light aircraft, while the lower payload is equivalent to hand grenades. In other words, the explosive capabilities of UAVs are often comparable to alternative methods and are a reality. For example, the bombing of the Boston Marathon 2013 Three dead and 264 injured. were caused by a 40kg payload consisting of Two pressure cookers full of nails and ammunition. Today, first-class heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicles offer payloads that range from 10 to 25kg -A mass capable of delivering one of the pressure cookers- starting at $ 8,000 . In the military sphere, the Islamic State has already implemented improvised explosive devices (IEDs) that can be eliminated from commercial UAVs. Amateur drones provide actors, whether state or not, with an optimized harassment tool to inflict limited damage in the most applicable manner to terrorism or murder.
The fact that traditional military unmanned aerial vehicles no longer corner the arms market due to the democratization of air munitions affects strategic thinking because it is difficult to determine whether an unmanned aircraft indicates a purely disarmed reconnaissance mission or an imminent attack . Because the capabilities of the platform are unknown, you can not assume what it signals, an imminent attack or a hobby. Security organizations, whether civilian or military, will be forced to treat the platform as an immediate threat despite the potential for miscalculation.
However, when responding to a sighting of unmanned aircraft, security forces must know the context. An approaching commercial UAV represents a different level of threat in a presidential speech rather than on a farm. The need to respond to a potential treatment based on the degree of risk inherent in a situation is common; The "See Something, Say Something" campaign is based on citizens noticing something suspicious, such as an unattended suitcase at a busy airport instead of the general presence of a suitcase at an airport.
The " Law of prevention of emerging threats of 2018 "Try to achieve this situational balance. While it allows Department of Homeland Security or Department of Justice personnel to track and destroy threatening drones, it also requires a limited geographic and temporal scope for "only those areas and time frames that are reasonably necessary to face a reasonable threat." "In addition, staff is required to" use reasonable care "to avoid interfering with authorized or non-threatening drones Finally, legislation includes civil protections such as avoiding violation of privacy and civil liberty, thus recognizing the inherent balance between Security and privacy By providing context and civil liberties while describing preventive action, this act is promising, however, the real test will be its potential implementation.
It should be noted that there is no concrete collaboration with local and state governments in the legislation. The act foresees " support "to" state, local or tribal police authorities "At the request of the governor or attorney general of the state. However, a proactive approach where the best practices of the federal government are shared with state and local governments could prevent security organizations from reinventing the wheel. It would also provide a reference understanding in case a local situation arises that requires federal resources. However, the exchange of information should not be limited to relations between the state and the federal government; Inter-state exchange must also play a role. By increasing the knowledge and capacity of local authorities through collaboration, risk is more likely to be mitigated.
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