Flooded land in night lights
Flooded land in night lights
As the night comes, previously obscured light sources begin to dazzle the eye. The lights of the city extend over the surface of the Earth. A constant brightness floats in the upper atmosphere. Beyond the Earth, the light of the stars fills in the darkness of the cosmos.
From the point of view of space, we can get a unique view of each of these nightly shows. On October 7, 2018, an astronaut on board the International Space Station (ISS) took this photograph while orbiting at an altitude of more than 400 kilometers (250 miles) over Australia. In this view, the stars appear more numerous along the center of the image, where the plane of our disk is shaped Milky Way it extends into space.
The oranges (above) and the greens (in the video below) that surround the Earth are known as air blaze- diffuse light bands that extend from 50 to 400 miles in our atmosphere. The phenomenon typically occurs when molecules (mainly nitrogen and oxygen) are energized by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. To release that energy, the atoms in the lower atmosphere collide with each other and lose energy in the collision. But the upper atmosphere is thinner, making it less likely that the atoms collide. Instead, they release their energy by emitting photons. The result is a colorful glow.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zliOQbaG1sw]
However, some collisions can cause an aerial brightness. This type of air brightness is known as chemiluminescence or "night glow". The brightest green light in the first seconds of the time-lapse video is due to oxygen atoms that have become recombinant in oxygen molecules. The yellow colors are caused by the emissions of a layer of sodium.
Other reactions can produce red, blue, UV and infrared light. On October 7, 2018, the red aerial brightness is shown approximately in the middle of the video, made up of photographs taken by an astronaut in a span of 26 minutes. The ISS passed over Bangladesh, Australia and then New Zealand. Observe the flashes of lightning that also light up the atmosphere.
More than just a light show, Airglow reveals some of the works of the upper reaches of our atmosphere. It can help scientists learn about the movement of particles near the interface of Earth and space, including connections between space weather and the climate of the earth.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkfcbHv_NRw]
"Airglow is a great tool for scientists because it reveals some of the conditions of the upper atmosphere, such as its temperature, shape and number of different types of gases," said Sarah Jones, research astrophysics at the Goddard Space Flight Center. of NASA. . "It's convenient because light can be measured from many different points of view."
Satellites offer a way to study this dynamic zone. The NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite, scheduled for launch on October 26, 2018, will help scientists understand physical processes at work where the Earth's atmosphere interacts with near-Earth space.
Astronaut photograph ISS057-E-35382 was acquired on October 7, 2018, with a Nikon D5 digital camera that uses a 24-millimeter lens and is provided by the Earth Observation Facility of the ISS crew and the Earth Science and Remote Sensing Unit, Johnson Space Center. The image was taken by a member of the Expedition 57 crew. The image has been trimmed and enhanced to improve contrast, and the lens artifacts have been removed. the International space station program supports the laboratory as part of the National Laboratory of the ISS to help astronauts take photographs of the Earth that will be of great value to scientists and the public, and to make those images freely available on the Internet. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be seen at NASA / JSC Gateway to the astronaut photography of the earth. Time-lapse ISS video by Andrea Meado, Jacobs Technology, JETS contract at NASA-JSC. Airglow video by Joy Ng / NASA GSFC. Story of Kathryn Hansen.
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